All About the Habits and Traits of Carpenter Bees

About the Habits and Traits of Carpenter Bees Woodworker honey bees dont precisely charm themselves to individuals. They unearth settles in wood decks, yards, and homes, and the guys tend toâ exhibit an agitating forcefulness. Nonetheless, in spite of their awful conduct, craftsman honey bees are very innocuous and are really brilliant pollinators. Huge woodworker honey bees (around 500 unique species) have a place with the class Xylocopa. Strangely, these bugs occupy each landmass aside from Antarctica. Recognizing Carpenter Bees Woodworker honey bees get their name from their carpentry aptitudes. These lone honey bees uncover home passages in wood, particularly in amble that is exposed and endured. More than quite a while, the harm to wood can turn out to be very broad, as the honey bees extend old passages and exhume new ones. Craftsman honey bees frequently home in decks, yards, and overhang, placing them in nearness to individuals. Xylocopa honey bees look very like honey bees, so its simple to misidentify them. Take a gander at the upper side of the honey bees mid-region to separate the two sorts of honey bees. While honey bee midsections are shaggy, the highest point of a woodworker honey bees mid-region will be smooth, dark, and sparkly. Male craftsman honey bees will drift around home passageways, pursuing ceaselessly interlopers. They come up short on a sting, however, so simply overlook their humming and forceful trips around your head. Females do sting, however just if genuinely incited. Forgo smacking at them, and you shouldnt need to stress over craftsman honey bees causing you hurt. Woodworker Bee Classifications Realm: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: HymenopteraFamily: ApidaeGenus: Xylocopa Diet and Life Cycle Like bumble bees, woodworker honey bees feed on dust and nectar. Female honey bees arrangement their hatchlings with food by putting a wad of dust and spewed nectar in the brood cell. Note that woodworker honey bees don't benefit from wood whenever during their life cycle. Craftsman honey bees overwinter as grown-ups, as a rule inside empty home passages. As the climate warms in spring, the grown-ups develop and mate. Guys kick the bucket subsequent to mating, while females start exhuming new passages or extending burrows from earlier years. She develops brood cells for her posterity, arrangements them with food, and afterward lays an egg in each chamber. Eggs bring forth inside a couple of days, and the youthful hatchlings feed on the reserve left by the mother. Inside a time of five to seven weeks, contingent upon ecological conditions, the honey bee pupates and arrives at adulthood. The new grown-up age develops in pre-fall to benefit from nectar before settling in for the winter. Uncommon Adaptations and Defenses Despite the fact that they are acceptable pollinators of open-confronted roses, more profound roses present a test for the enormous woodworker honey bees. To get to the sweet nectar, they will cut open the side of the blossom, breaking into the nectary place and burglarizing the bloom of its juices without giving any fertilization benefits in return. Woodworker honey bees practice buzz fertilization, a functioning strategy for gathering dust grains. At the point when it arrives on a bloom, the honey bee utilizes its thoracic muscles to deliver sound waves that shake the dust free.

E-Commerce Management and System-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the E-business Fundamentals and Systems. Answer: Presentation Utilizing Web, intranet, web, extranets or a few blends of some other contemporary instruments for leading business is alluded as the procedure of electronic business (E-business). The term e-business has been alluded like the idea of web based business yet one of the greatest distinction is that e-business goes past the straightforward procedure of purchasing and selling of items and administrations through online medium. E-business is a much wide idea and incorporates the quantity of perspectives, ideas and business procedures, for example, gracefully chain the executives, client relationship the board and electronic request handling (Aboelmaged, Mohamed 2015, 606-631). These are a portion of the strategic approaches that are required to be executed by the business partnerships with more prominent productivity and viability. What's more, e-business helps the business substances in the execution of the procedures in a progressively successful way. E-business is a more extensive idea and envelops the fluctuated scope of different terms, for example, e-following and web based business. As the business partnerships are more into digitalization and modernization the ideas, for example, undertaking asset arranging (ERP), client relationship the executives (CRM) have picked up the extraordinary degree of essentialness. The underneath report has been executed on the idea of e-business advancements and effect of the equivalent on the contemporary hierarchical business. Further, the report additionally involves the arrangements accommodated the providers for the dangers and the dangers related with these advances. Changes in present day authoritative business activities because of e-advancements The Internet has been considered as one of the best and noteworthy component and is likewise probably the greatest advancement of e-innovations (Ameur, Esma, Umar and Michael 2017). The Internet has changed the way does the business and the business partnerships can exploit the innovation for its own advantages. E-business has been considered as the way toward executing business tasks and practices by methods for web and online methods and the e-advancements are the devices e-devices or the medium used for the working industry. The procedure of e-business envelops different practices, for example, trading information or data, putting in and taking requests, inside correspondence (collaborating with the staff individuals) and so on. The e-business advancements are held at risk for invigorating the authoritative tasks in positive and negative terms. The underneath introduced are a portion of the positive effects that will be seen in the hierarchical tasks of a business element: A feeling of equity is created: Working on reasonable and equivalent terms has been considered as probably the greatest factor for progress and development of a person inside a business element (Bak, Ozlem 2018). What's more, if there should arise an occurrence of e-business advancements, the tasks are executed on the web. This will create a feeling of fairness as the authority interfacing with the staff will realize the exhibition level of the concerned individual and the staff will be decided on a similar premise. Subsequently, feeling of correspondence will be created and the representatives will be roused and the propelled staff will endeavor to work more diligently in this way expanding proficiency and adequacy of the conveyance procedure (Benyoucef, Morad, Michael, and Hafedh 2015). What's more, this shows the authoritative activities will be decidedly affected. Upgraded nature of client administrations: E-advances furnish the business substances with the quantity of apparatuses and instruments in order to bring cost viability in the business activities. For example, the e-mechanical devices will help the element by setting aside cash in the activities related with client administrations. By utilizing on the web applications and frameworks, for example, distributed computing the business element can straightforwardly store the records and required subtleties on the PC frameworks and can gain admittance to the equivalent whenever they need. There will be no need of venturing out over and over to the customer. The voyaging costs and endeavors will be limited and furthermore the put away information will be precise and will give better and improved results (Bradley, Stephen, Stuar, and Changsu 2016). Accordingly this will upgrade the nature of the hierarchical tasks. Showcasing: Internet is again perhaps the best medium through which the business substance can execute exchanges and work the business on a more extensive level at once. For example, by utilizing web the association is required to create and structure an electronic entrance and through which they can make the accessibility of the items to a great extent for the clients (Chaffey, Dave 2015). The Internet has been considered as one of the biggest stage through which the business firm can make the accessibility of the items and administrations in an efficient way and that too without hardly lifting a finger. Operational proficiency and viability in the conveyance of items and administrations will be watched and a more prominent degree of fulfillment to a client will be conveyed. Digitalization of request passage exchanges: Placing and taking requests and keeping up records and required basic information has been considered as one of the urgent assignment or business activity for any of the business association (Chang and Barun, Dasgupta 2015, 26-36). By utilizing any of the contemporary instrument or web based frameworks the business substance can acquire a climb the viability and sufficiency of the business tasks. Furthermore, in this manner this innovative up-degree has been considered as one of the best positive change that will be knowledgeable about the hierarchical activities of the business association. E-advances encourages key intuition: One of the greatest preferred position that will be accomplished by the reception of e-advances in the authoritative structure is that the business element will encounter a lift in the capacity of improving the organizations upper hand in the market district by streamlining vital reasoning and move of information and information (De, Hans, and Ernst 2018). Recovering and utilizing interpersonal organizations and furthermore the membership data bases has empowered the business elements with the capacity to decipher gathering and moving the information in the best way. This additionally offers the business associations with an unmatched access to the clients and potential shoppers and along these lines empowering the firm in conveying progressed and created items and administrations. Also, in this manner the e-innovations furnish the business element with instruments and devices for assessing the market and for actualizing the methodologies required for achieving serious edge (Gollenia, Lars 2016). And all these can likewise be considered as other positive changes that will be experienced by the business element in the authoritative activities. Cost cutting and end of waste: The e-innovations appears to be exorbitant at the underlying stages when originally executed yet further it turns out to be a lot of financially savvy by rebuilding a companys operational and administrative procedures. Selection of web based instructional courses and projects is probably the best case of e-innovations through which the cost-slicing, all things considered, is put forth conceivable and furthermore the attempts started will be less (Hasani, Tahereh, Jamil, and Ali 2017, 655,675). This will spare vitality of the people for different undertakings and along these lines empower them to contribute towards getting an expansion efficiency. Defeating dangers and dangers related with e-innovations Dangers and hazard to e-innovations are a regular reality for the vast majority of the business enterprises. These dangers and dangers are tricky circumstances that are required to be dealt with proficiently by the innovation providers (Kadry, Seifedine, and Abdelkhalak 2017). The beneath introduced are the commonsense ramifications that are required to be followed by the innovation providers for handling and managing the related dangers and dangers: Making sure about PC and different remote frameworks Utilization of hostile to spyware, against infection and firewalls for securing the frameworks Standard and convenient up-degree of programming frameworks Making information back-ups Keeping up and making sure about passwords Preparing to the concerned staff ought to be given (Monfort, Valrie and Karl-Heinz Krempels, 2015). Causing them to comprehend the legitimate standards and guidelines There are increasingly explicit anticipations that can be received by the providers of e-innovation and the equivalent is introduced beneath: Building up a safe online nearness: The online nearness of a business substance has been considered as one of the supporting column in progress and development. What's more, consequently is one of the fundamental activities for any of the firm. Online nearness is the brand value of an undertaking in the advanced world and consequently is required to be made sure about and kept from dangers and dangers (Tsuma, Victor, and Mark 2017, 164-176). Under this framework, the business element is required to evaluate the security of the electronic entrances, sites, email accounts, online put away information and web based financial records. There is the quantity of frameworks and applications that can be received by the innovation providers for forestalling the online nearness of the undertaking. For example, secure attachment layer (SSL), is one of the advancements that can be introduced for scrambling value-based information and for sending client and card subtleties to the bank that is the getting expert for approval. Additio nally, it ought to likewise be guaranteed that any web-facilitating arrangement considered ought to be equipped for supporting the SSL convention. Acceptance projects and IT preparing for staff: Providing instructional meetings to the new staff in regards to the It approaches, systems and guidelines that are sought after inside the business association and this activity has been considered as one of the huge strides of the hazard the board procedures (Turban et al. 2015). These kinds of preparing sessi

Changes to the 2015-2016 Common Application Essay

Changes to the 2015-2016 Common Application Essay Welcome Changes to the 2015-2016 Common Application Essay Welcome Changes to the 2015-2016 Common Application Essay Here it is, folks â€" the moment we’ve all been waiting for. The  announcement of Jon Stewart’s replacement  on The Daily Show! The  appearance of Jay-Z’s new celebrity-hyped streaming music player! The release of brand new  dancing FLOTUS  and  singing Rock  videos! JKJK. Clearly we here at CEA  have actually spent the last few days hovering over our computers  with the rest of the admissions nerds of the world, gobbling up  meditations on Frank Bruni’s incisive and insightful new book  (and perhaps watching an  occasional cat video) in anticipation of the  release of the 2015-2016 Common Application essay questions. The prompts  were finally confirmed this past Tuesday, March 30 and  college counselors and  admissions experts  let out a collective sigh of relief. Let us be the first to tell you, 2015-2016 college applicants: these questions are  your friends. The Common Application essay is an  assignment that has  traditionally struck fear in the hearts of many a teenager; but since the Common App’s major overhaul in 2013, the updated questions  have garnered overall positive reviews from applicants and admissions folks alike and thus, remained fairly consistent. This year the Common App decided to make some tweaks to the essay and essay submission process and most  of the changes the Common App will be implementing are for the better, including some glorious (and  long overdue) improvements to the online interface. Students will now be able to  preview each individual page of their application, instead of wondering whether one wrong push of a preview button at the end of the process will preemptively send an application out to a hundred virtual inboxes.  A recent announcement from the Common App  also suggested that supplemental essay requirements from individual schools will be reflected in multiple areas of the application,  offerin g solace  to those of us who engaged in the Easter egg hunt required to find schools’ supplemental essays and short answers in previous years. The platform will allow unlimited editing on all essays at any time, a change from the three-edit maximum imposed on the personal statement last year. In addition to these technical upgrades, the Common App has also changed their basic requirement rules, now allowing schools to decide whether or not they want to assign their applicants the App’s main essay. Students shouldn’t do a celebratory fist pump just yet â€" a request for the Common App essay from even one school will demand that applicants put their all into every one of those 650 words. Additionally, students can choose to submit this essay even if a school doesn’t require it (which is probably a good idea). That said, it is nice to see the Common Application adjusting to accommodate the needs and desires of a wide range of academic institutions. After all, the original purpose of the Common App was to make the admissions process easier and more streamlined for students and colleges â€" not to shackle them to a new set of immovable standards. Changes were also made to three out of five of the prompts, including some simple clarifying edits and one complete replacement. As the Common App notes on their website, revisions appear in italics: 1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it.  If this sounds like you, then please share your story. While the preponderance of italics makes it seem as though this question has changed dramatically from last year’s, the meat of this prompt remains much the same. In its previous incarnation the question asked students for a “background story,” which has been changed to reflect the difference between “background” and “identity” and include “interest” and “talent” as areas for exploration. Applicants have been treating this prompt as the “Topic of Your Choice” (or what I call the “Choose Your Own Adventure” prompt) since it was issued, and the most recent changes makes it even easier to do so. No matter what story or quality a student wants to write about, it will likely be easily molded to fit this prompt. 2.  The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success.Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? For the past two years in my  Common Application Essay Prompts: A Guide, I have stressed that a question about failure is, in fact, a question about success. This year’s amended prompt makes this point irrefutably clear. Students’ approach to this question should not change much from the strategy of applicants past and responses should aim to showcase resilience and a refusal to submit to life’s greatest challenges. 3. Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? My feelings about this prompt have always been lukewarm and I was a little sad to find it had not changed since last year’s application. In my experience, students have a tendency to address this like an issue paper or debate response and the ultimate goal of opening a window into their larger thought processes is easily lost. Many students also gravitate towards controversial topics that have the potential to challenge an admissions officer’s personal beliefs and values, which is not always a bad thing; but it is certainly a risk. Unless a student feels passionately about addressing this prompt, I often steer him/her away from it. 4. Describe a problem you’ve solved or a problem you’d like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. I’ll admit it. I am sad about the disappearance of the “Describe a place or environment in which you are perfectly content.” prompt (RIP). This was one of the only prompts from the 2013 revised Common App that easily facilitated unhindered exploration of a student’s life and passions in both subject and form. The question that has replaced it is similar in nature to prompt number two. While asking applicants to map out a problem, the prompt is really meant to tease out a student’s problem solving skills and provide a glimpse into an applicant’s frame of mind while dealing with challenges. In giving applicants the option to discuss a potential future issue, the question also opens the door for more imaginative approaches to the personal essay. 5. Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. This the second prompt that will appear on the 2015-2016 app unchanged. In the past students have been naturally inspired by this question and I have always felt it was a strong addition to the mix. When you’re seventeen, what is life but a series of transitions from childhood to adulthood? While students often have the impulse to write about large-scale life events, they shouldn’t discount the power of informal moments given life through good storytelling. Small moments that are representative of larger personality traits often make for the best essay fodder. Regardless of the Common App essay changes and the new challenges/advantages they may present, the release of this information in early April is good news for students. There is nothing more valuable in the essay writing process than a head start. While we dont suggest students begin the actual writing process this early in the game, it often takes a time (and maybe another cat video  or  two) to unearth  those magic ideas.  Now students can begin to ponder (sans the inevitable, if unhealthy, pressure), which of their glittering, intangible elements they might want to reveal to admissions one carefully crafted word at a time. Contact us to  riff on the new prompts with one of our  experts. Check out Tips for Brainstorming Essay Topics. About Stacey BrookStacey Brook is an accomplished writer and admissions expert who has spent the last decade helping students conceptualize, edit and refine their college essays.View all posts by Stacey Brook » | Website

Business Ethics Essay - 685 Words

Digital Marketing General Instructions: ïÆ' ¼ The Student should submit this assignment in the handwritten form (not in the typed format) ïÆ' ¼ The Student should submit this assignment within the time specified by the exam dept ïÆ' ¼ The student should only use the Rule sheet papers for answering the questions. ïÆ' ¼ The student should attach this assignment paper with the answered papers. ïÆ' ¼ Failure to comply with the above Four instructions would lead to rejection of assignment Specific Instructions: ïÆ' ¼ There are four Questions in this assignment. The student should answer all the four questions. Marks allotted 100. ïÆ' ¼ Each Question carries equal marks (25 marks) unless specified explicitly. Question No 1: (a) â€Å"Business today faces 3 major†¦show more content†¦Charging technology: The digital revolution has created and information age. The industrial age was characteristics by mass production and mass consumption, stores stuffed with inventory ads everywhere and rampant discounting. The information promises to lead to more accurate levels of production more targeted communication and more relevant pricing. 2. Globalization: Technological advantages in transportation, shipping and communication have made it easier for companies to market it to other countries and easier for consumers to buy products and serviced from marketers in other countries. 3. Deregulation: Many countries in India the domestic airline industry has been growing very rapidly after deregulation. Airline companies are competing with each other by offering different and better services to customers. 4. Privatization: Many countries have converted public companies to private ownership and managements to increase their efficiency. 5. Customer empowerment: Customer increasingly expects higher quality and service and some customization. They are more and more time starved and want more convenience. 6. Customization: The Company is able to produce individually differentiated goods whether ordered in person on the plane or online. By going on line companies essentially enable consumer to design their own goods. 7. Heightened competition: Brand manufacturers are facing intense competition from domestic and foreign brands whichShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. When we here the term Business Ethics in our work place, we usually do not take it seriously and brush it off saying ‘it’s just a simple set of basic rules like not cheating and so on’. ThisRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesResource A discusses how ethics is crucial in business. There are three key ideas used to understand this. Firstly, making ethically wrong decisions tend to cause more upset than other general mistakes as purposeful unethical actions are not as easily forgiven or forgotten. Secondly, ethics provides businesses with a broader understanding of everything to do with their business. Business ethics is effectively just business it its larger human context. Thirdly, being unethical ca n tarnish the publicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1064 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　Business Ethics Ethics can be viewed as the rules and values that determine goals and actions people should follow when dealing with other human beings. However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. Poor busine ss ethics include bribery, corporate accounting scandalsRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesEthics meaning in simple way for average person is what is right from wrong. According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. 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According to Milton Friedman, a company has the responsibility to generate as much revenue as it can while still conforming to the basic rules that society has set. These rules include the ones embodied in customs as well as in law. Similarly, Peter Drucker stated that

Importance Of Artificial Intelligence - 1409 Words

â€Å" What was once just a figment of the imagination of some of the most famous science fiction writers, artificial intelligence ( AI) is taking root in our everyday lives† ( Science Fiction to Reality 1). Artificial Intelligence is a machinery which includes network and a probabilistic model. Artificial intelligence is the computer that can now spontaneously translate spoken and written conversation. It can also recognize and accurately cations photos, identify faces and can be your personal assistant. Artificial intelligence has specific technologies, like the machine learning methods called neural network, that can be trained from massive data sets to recognize objects in images or to understand spoken words. Artificial intelligence is†¦show more content†¦It is important to notice that Artificial intelligence is an important part of many people’s lives.Artificial intelligence helps make a difference in people’s lives.Think about this, imagine a w orld without technology, we would be lost because our lives are based on technology because they make people’s lives better and easier. Artificial intelligence makes a huge impact on many peoples lives in many aspects which make their lives more valuable. Think about this, without artificial intelligence then the lives of people would be horrendous. Would you want your world to be horrible while watching other places have advanced technology? Artificial intelligence doesnt only help make your life better and easier, it also does things that humans can’t so. Secondly, artificial intelligence is smarter than human and can do the thing that humans can do and cannot do. Computer intelligence has been growing over the years and soon they would be smarter than us. For example, ... Computer power has doubled every 18 months since 1956†¦.The resulting intelligence gap between machines and people, Bostrom said..† (Rise of the Machines 1). This shows that with the technology we have we can make these amazing artificial intelligence that can outsmart us and can help us with our life. Imagine this with these technologies our country would be the best country ever. We could use the technology to help us with our lives. We couldShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence1302 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial intelligence is the utilization of computers to imitate human brains in restricted domains. This is a consequence of developing computer which carry on logically, reason rationally and can adequately decipher its surroundings continuously in real time. 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According to Stanford (2016) mentioned that the artificial intelligence (AI) is a science and a set of computational technologies that are inspired by—but typically operate quite differently from—the ways people use their nervous systems and bodies to sense, learn, reason, and take action. Since the first artificial intelligence in 1956, and with the development and progress of artificial intelligence, it is affected in many sectorsRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence2186 Words   |  9 Pagesthe 21st century, especially the artificial intelligence (AI). According to Stanford (2016) mentioned that the artificial intelligence (AI) is a science and a set of computational technologies that are inspired by—but typically operate quite differently from—the ways people use their nervous systems and bodies to sense, learn, reason, and take action. 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I wanted to know how we planned to accommodate for the biggest change our species has ever experienced, I wanted to find out how legislature would adapt, how research would spring up, how productionRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. We’ll be their butlers soon enough.†(Brain Quote) Artificial Intelligence is the development of computer systems that normally require human intelligence. This (Artificial Intelligence) has lead to countless short-term positives such as â€Å"improving the speed, quality, and costs of available goods and services (Karsten and West 1). (This being said from the Brooking institution) However, as businesses continue to use Artificial Intelligence to inc rease extra goods and make more money, they willRead MoreEssay on The Turing Test1426 Words   |  6 Pages One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, â€Å"the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men†.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. â€Å"We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and theRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesthese problems. The study of Intelligent Systems, often called â€Å"artificial intelligence† (AI), uses computation as a medium for simulating human perception, cognition, reasoning, learning, and action. In the case of artificial intelligence, the first thing that usually comes to mind is that AIs are convenient for mankind. It makes life much easier having the artificial intelligent systems to do peoples works. Having artificial intelligence around not only cuts the tasks in half, but also it saves lots

William Shakespeare s King Richard IIi - 1188 Words

Texts are shaped by their compositional context and thus offer new insights about the composer’s era. However, as there are ongoing concerns of humanity, key ideologies resonate over time and are affirmed between texts as shown in William Shakespeare’s play ‘King Richard III’ (1591) and Al Pacino’s docudrama ‘Looking For Richard’ (1996). King Richard III examines the irrational behaviours and moral ramifications of a power lust Richard to explore ideas of the relentless pursuit of power, betrayal and deceit, reflective of the theocentric context of the Elizabethan society. Centuries later, Looking For Richard explores Pacino’s journey to reshape a Shakespearean text that is representative of the changing contextual norms and values of a contemporary American audience who are confused and sceptical about the relevance of Shakespeare’s plays. Both texts provide an image of Richard’s deceit reflective of their distincti ve contexts. However, despite the disparity of time, both texts display how key ideas such as deceit, endure and resonate over time. Distinctive contexts have the capacity to offer new insights and understandings that can challenge and drastically alter the portrayal of societal norms and values. Shakespeare critics the nature of the relentless pursuit for power and authority and its effects, through the lens of Richard’s ambitious but deceitful actions, reflective in his opening soliloquy ‘I am determined to prove a villain’ and ‘now is the winter of ourShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s King Richard IIi1258 Words   |  6 PagesRichard: What have you done to me! Shakespeare: My historical tragedy â€Å"King Richard III† is just my dramatic presentation of your exploits in your bloody pursuit of the throne. Pacino: My postmodernist docudrama â€Å"Looking for Richard† is my modern interpretation of Richard III. My attempt to establish connections that enhance our understandings and interpretations of our respective contexts, ideas and values, primarily involving the representation of the human condition through the character of RichardRead MoreCompare the ways Shakespeare presents fear and doubt in Macbeth and Richard III?1222 Words   |  5 Pagespresented in Richard III and Macbeth Macbeth is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare. The play is set in Scotland during the mid  11th century. But, the play was written in 1606 at a time where James I was on the throne. King James was a very superstitious man who believed in magic and witchcraft and these themes were presented in Macbeth to please the King. Also the political context is important as it was included in Macbeth with the ideas of excessive ambition. On the other hand, Richard III isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Richard IIi906 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare employs a variety of techniques in his plays to show good characters from bad characters; one such technique as the application of deformity or an abnormality manifests itself physically and psychologically with the dramas. The incorporation of a defect, whether it be physically or psychology, reveals flawed characteristics within the said character. Most of these flawed characteristics, though revealed in different si tuations, share similar problems and consequences. For exampleRead MoreHistory Of King Richard IIi Of England1382 Words   |  6 Pagesborne out by the facts. The case of the written history of King Richard III of England is an outstanding example of the lack of adequate research and actual perfidy on the part of historians. Richard III reigned for a brief period in the late 15th century, 26 June 1483 to 22 August 1485. He was the last Yorkist king and the last of the Plantagenet kings. He traced his ancestry to William the Conquerer. He was also the last English king to die in battle. He was succeeded on the throne by HenryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Richard II1543 Words   |  7 PagesSamantha Van Dine Richard Spacek ENGL 3250 September 24, 2015 Richard II, William Shakespeare Richard II is a play written by William Shakespeare in the closing stages of the 16th Century. It is based on Richard II and his scheme of taking the throne of England. Richard II is a carefully balanced play, characterized by precise and formal arrangements of characters and actions. This balance is enhanced by various parallel incidents which are included in the themes, plots, and the nature of theRead MoreAnalyse How the Central Values Portrayed in King Richard Iii Are Creatively Reshaped in Looking for Richard.1683 Words   |  7 PagesAn honest tale speeds best, being plainly told.† This quote from William Shakespeare’s King Richard III is a seed from which Al Pacino’s docu-drama Looking For Richard grows, both texts demonstrating the intrinsic relationship between contexts and the composition of texts. As 21st century students, we see Pacino’s creative reshaping emphasise inherent values within the original text, from dynamic perspectives to interpre tational understandings, presented in an ‘honest’ and ‘plainly told’ compositionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Influence On The Course Of World History1440 Words   |  6 PagesWaldo Emerson, a famous essayist inspired by Shakespeare’s works. William Shakespeare was a renowned author, poet, actor, and playwright. He has contributed to many components of life today such as; founding modern English language, contributing to literature, contributing to modern theater, and contributing many of his works to modern English. William Shakespeare has greatly impacted the course of world history. William Shakespeare was believed to be born on April 23,1564, in his hometown of Stratford-upon-AvonRead MoreMonarchy Is The Oldest Form Of Government1657 Words   |  7 PagesMonarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. In a monarchy, the king or queen is Head of State (or Sovereign), but the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament. Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation. The Monarch also has constitutional and representational duties which have developed over the past one thousand years. In addition to the StateRead MoreRichard IIi, By William Shakespeare1168 Words   |  5 PagesChildren bring out the underlying disposition and wicked intentions we all possess. Richard III, by William Shakespeare, is a tragic play about the Duke of Gloucester who desires to be the king of England. He does this through the manipulation and murder of many characters, including Queen Elizabeth’s children, Prince Edward and the Duke of York. These children emphasize some of the â€Å"adult† themes in the play and reveals the devastating nature of these themes. Their characteristics and deaths allRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : The Greatest Writer Of All Time1008 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare is considered the most influential and greatest writers of all time because he writes great stories, he has the ability to turn phrases, and has very a compelling use of characters. I will be including in my research countless facts about Shakespeare and educated information on why William Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer of all time. Shakespeare s feats and accomplishments have all been established and based on his early life and childhood. William Shakespeare

Business Development Conference and Exposition †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Business Development Conference and Exposition. Answer: Introduction The Australian Sports Commission is the Australian Governments agency which is responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance and leadership for sporting activity in Australia(Drew, Blanch, Purdam and Gabbett, 2016).The purpose of the assignment here is to fill the position of Finance manager and define the key roles and responsibilities, competencies and attributes for the job position, also to analyse the consideration of diversity in filling the above mentioned position. The main responsibility of a Finance manager at Australian Sports commission to monitor its finances, analyse the sources of money and the cost centres of the company, advise the management and senior managers on ideas to maximize profits and steps to ensure financial stability in the system. Other set of responsibilities are: Raising Funds- ASC is the governments leading sports agency which develops supports and invests in all forms of sports. In order to do so, the body works directly with multiple investors, institutional investors, government bodies and many more. In order to do so, the finance manager has to raise funds to support the activities for the business organization and strike a balance between its debt and equity ratio Allocation of Funds to different department- As mentioned the funds have to be raised for variety of purposes like Training of sportsperson, building infrastructure, securing inventory, manpower recruitment, marketing and so on. Thus, the role of Finance manager is to ensure that the funds are allocated on the basis of need, urgency and strategic advantage. Profit planning and Control- ASC suffered loss in Millions in the year 2015-16 due to mismanagement and improper planning. Thus the duty of the Finance manager here is to ensure that the funds are raised, allocated and used in such a manner that the government body is profitable. He has to also ensure the expenditure of money is happening according to the strategic objectives of the company and not haywire. Creating financial projections and Budgets- A Finance manager has to ensure that he creates budgets and draws financial projections for at least a minimum period of 5 years. He has to ensure that the projections and the budgets are realistic and supported either historically or on the basis of strategic planning (Johnson, Leenders McCue, 2017). Investment of Funds- Another function of the Finance manager is to ensure that he harvests the profits and invest them with due diligence. The purpose of investing fund is to create wealth for the organization and park money for future capital need (Korhonen, Laine Martinsuo, 2014). Competencies of Finance Manager Technical Skills It involves collecting, storing and processing information to be shared with the stakeholders. Financial accounting, tax strategy, planning and compliance are some of the task included (Coleman, 2014). Business Skills Using the information of the business and the organization, turning the financial data into valuable insights for the organization (Cech CHadt, 2015). People Skills Skills are required to influence the decision makers, their action and behaviour towards the growth of the organization. Leadership Skills Team building, managing change and driving financial performance are the key tasks (McBride, 2016). As the Key role of the finance manager is to raise funds, allocation of funds and investment of funds for the improvement in the sports facilities and training of the Australian sportspersons. Thus, it is very much advised that the person has to be from Australia, in order to ensure that the benefits of Australian sportsperson are kept above all, more so, because the person would be in a better position to understand the micro-environment surrounding the Australian sports commission. References Cech, P. and Chadt, K., 2015, June. Project Manager And His/Her Competencies. InInternational conference knowledge-based organization(Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 165-169). De Gruyter Open. Coleman, L., 2014. Why finance theory fails to survive contact with the real world: a fund manager perspective.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(3), pp.226-236. Drew, M.K., Blanch, P., Purdam, C. and Gabbett, T.J., 2016. Yes, rolling averages are a good way to assess training load for injury prevention. Is there a better way? Probably, but we have not seen the evidence.Br J Sports Med, pp.bjsports-2016. Johnson, P.F., Leenders, M.R. and McCue, C., 2017. A comparison of purchasings organizational roles and responsibilities in the public and private sector.Journal of Public Procurement,3(1), pp.57-74. Korhonen, T., Laine, T. and Martinsuo, M., 2014. Management control of project portfolio uncertainty: A managerial role perspective.Project Management Journal,45(1), pp.21-37. McBride, J., 2016, January. From Safety Leader to Business Partner-Bridging the Gap. InASSE Professional Development Conference and Exposition. American Society of Safety Engineers.

The Crusades free essay sample

This paper looks at the history of the Crusades during the Middle Ages, the military campaigns, the religious factors, the leaders, and the brutality. This paper provides an in depth history of the medieval Crusades, and reviews James Reston Jr.s book on the Crusades, Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade. The author discusses the brutal and savage events of the three Christian expeditions to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1192, and the two most famous leaders in the final campaign, Richard the Lionheart, monarch of England, and Saladin, the Moslem conqueror. James Reston Jrs Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade presents the Crusades as he sees it. In the past the books that present the Crusades have managed to create a glamorous and romantic image of a war that caused destruction for years. The book relates events in a manner that we realize that the crusades were among the most destructive wars on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crusades or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the name of God and civilization, massive expeditions created havoc on earth. Three Christian expeditions to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1192, took place each of which was cruel to any person that stood between the crusaders and the recovery of their religious shrines from Islam especially those in Jerusalem . Reston clearly states that there was nobility involved nor was there even a hint of romance. The Crusades were just a massive butchering of people regardless, of caste, creed or race.

Odile Decq, French Architect for the 21st Century

Odile Decq, French Architect for the 21st Century Odile Decq (born July 18, 1955, in Laval, east of Brittany in France) and Benoà ®t Cornette have been called architectures first rock and roll couple. Attired in Gothic black, Decqs nontraditional personal appearance fit well with the couples curious delight in architectural experimentation with space, metals, and glass. After Cornette was killed in a 1998 automobile accident, Decq continued their rebellious architecture and urban planning business. On her own, Decq continues to win awards and commissions, proving to the world that she was always an equal partner and a talent in her own right. Plus shes kept the funky look and black attire all these years. Decq earned a Diploma in Architecture from the Ecole dArchitecture de Paris-La Villette UP6 (1978) and a Diploma in Urbanism and Planning from Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris (1979). She practiced in Paris alone and then in 1985 in partnership with Benoà ®t Cornette. After Cornettes death, Decq ran Odile Decq Benoà ®t Cornette Architectes-Urbanistes (ODBC Architects) for the next 15 years, rebranding herself in 2013 as Studio Odile Decq. Since 1992, Decq has maintained a relationship with Ecole Spà ©ciale dArchitecture in Paris as a teacher and director. In 2014, Decq was not intimidated to launch a new school of architecture. Called Confluence Institute for Innovation and Creative Strategies in Architecture and located in Lyon, France, the architecture program is built around the intersection of five thematic fields: neurosciences, new technologies, social action, visual art, and physics. The Confluence program, melding old and new topics of study, is a curriculum by and for the 21st century. Confluence is also an urban development project of Lyon, France, where the rivers Rhone and Saone join. Above and beyond all of the architecture designed and built by Odile Decq, the Confluence Institute may become her legacy. Decq claims to have no particular influence or master, but she does appreciate architects and their works, including Frank Lloyd Wright and Mies van der Rohe. She says ...they were inventing what they called the free plan, and I was interested in this idea and how you pass through a plan without having different articulated space.... Particular buildings that have influenced her thinking include Convent of La Tourette (Lyon France) by Le CorbusierLa Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, Spain) by Antoni Gaudà ­A concrete tower at the Jewish Museum (Berlin, Germany) by Daniel Libeskind Sometimes I am just impressed by buildings, and I am jealous about ideas expressed through these structures. Source of quotation: Odile Decq Interview, designboom, january 22, 2011 [Accessed July 14, 2013] Selected Architecture: 1990: Banque Populaire de lOuest (BPO) administration building, Rennes, France (ODBC)2004: L. Museum in Neuhaus, Austria2010: MACRO Museum of Contemporary Art, new wing, Rome, Italy2011: Phantom Restaurant, first restaurant in Garniers Paris Opà ©ra House2012: FRAC Bretagne, Museum for Contemporary Art, Les Fonds Rà ©gionaux dArt Contemporain (FRAC), Bretagne, France2015: Saint-Ange Residence, Seyssins, France2015: Confluence Institute School of Architecture, Lyon, France2016: Le Cargo, Paris In Her Own Words: I try to explain to young women that practicing architecture is really complicated and its very hard, but its possible. I discovered early on that to be an architect you have to have a little bit of talent and a maximum of determination and not focus on the complications.- A conversation with: Odile Decq, Architectural Record, June 2013,  © 2013 McGraw Hill Financial. All Rights Reserved. [Accessed July 9, 2013] Architecture, in a certain sense, is a war. Its a tough profession where you always have to fight. You have to have great stamina. I kept going because I started working as a team with Benoà ®t who helped, supported and pushed me to go my own way. He treated me as an equal, strengthened my own resolve to assert myself, follow my own inclination and be as I wanted to be. I also tell students and repeat at conferences that you need a good dose of recklessness to go down the road of architecture because if you are too aware of the difficulties the profession entails, you might never begin. You have to keep fighting but without really knowing what the fight is. Very often this recklessness is considered folly. Thats wrong; its pure recklessness – something that is socially acceptable for men, but not yet for women.- Interview with Odile Decq by Alessandra Orlandoni, The Plan Magazine, October 7 2005[theplan.it/J/index.php?optioncom_contentviewarticleid675%3Ainte%0Arvista-a-odile- decq-Itemid141langen accessed July 14, 2013] ...stay curious all your life. To discover, to think that the world is nourishing you, and not only architecture, but the world and society around you is nourishing you, so you have to be curious. You have to always be curious about what will happen in the world later, and to be hungry for life, and to enjoy even when its hard work....you have to be able to take risks. I want you to be courageous. I want you to have ideas, to take a position....- Odile Decq Interview, designboom, january 22, 2011 [Accessed July 14, 2013] Learn More: Odile Decq Benoà ®t Cornette by Clare Melhuish, Phaidon, 1998Architecture in France by Philip Jodidio, 2006 Additional Sources: Studio Odile Decq website at www.odiledecq.com/; RIBA International Fellows 2007 Citation, Odile Decq, RIBA website; Odile Decq Benoà ®t Cornette - ODBC : Architects by adrian welch / isabelle lomholt at e-architect; ODILE DECQ, BENOIT CORNETTE, Architectes, Urbanistes, Euran Global Culture Networks; Designer Bio, Beijing International Design Triennial 2011 [Websites accessed July 14, 2013]

The Role of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations in the Research Paper - 1

The Role of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations in the Conservation of Fish Stocks - Research Paper Example Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Agreement came into effect on 4 August 1995 for the conservation and management of straddling fish stock, and highly migratory fish stocks. Part VII of the Agreement deals with living resources of the high seas through Article 116, Article 117, Article 118, Article 119 and Article 120. Before delving deep into the functions of the fisheries management organisations it is of great concern to know what the UNCLOS Articles state on the role of the regional fishery management organisations. Under Article117, the concerned state has a responsibility to follow with regard to its citizens assess for management of the marine resources of the high seas. Cooperation with other states in this regard is central to the conservation of marine resources on the high seas (UNCLOS). Under Article 118, the spirit of Article 117 is taken ahead through cooperation states shall take fresh steps and enter into accords with other states for commercially using the similar water resources or dissimilar water resources on the same region with the purpose of conserving the water resources. It is the responsibility of the states to set up regional or sub-regional fisheries organisations (UNCLOS). (a) found suitable as based on scientific knowledge on which the concerned states can depend upon for preserving the fish populations of cropped species at standards that ensure long-term production as based on suitable environmental and economic considerations, particularly of the developing countries, considering the fishing methods at all levels of fishing – regional, sub-regional and international; (b) States pay attention to the impact on the species related to or relying on harvested species with the aim of preserving fish populations of such related or relying on species beyond limits at which their populations could not be increased through breeding.

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back Research Paper

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development - Research Paper Example They bring great opportunities in the developing countries with employment generation, output expansion, and escalation in technical know-how and so on. But on the other hand it brings many challenges too. Brazil is a country whose economy has escalated in recent years and has encountered a large jolt of foreign investments. A major fraction of these investments have generated from the MNCs forming an indispensible part. In Brazil, these MNCs have propelled its economy, but also have contributed to the increased economic inequality leading to elevated poverty levels, loss of markets for the domestic producers and as well as behavioral aspects like identity loss. This has resulted in hindering the development of the Brazilian economy and also threatens its future. Apart from those social menaces like human trafficking is also hinders development. The paper discusses the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking has declined development and poses a threat to its future. 1. Introduct ion The rate of intensification of the terms globalization, internationalization, removal of trade barriers has escalated manifold within the framework of global trade in recent years. Mammoth investments are being made by organizations (Multinational and Transnational corporations) of the developed countries in the underdeveloped and developing countries reaping huge benefits for them with cost minimization. These foreign investments within the underdeveloped and developing countries have brought in a large number of opportunities in the form of employment, cultural integration, regional development of these countries (Tankeu, n.d.). Brazil, a Latin American country, has also encountered large foreign investments with MNCs entering into the country creating employment, local development and thrusting the pace of the economy. But this is only a superficial layer of thinking process. The story is not so simple. A deep scrutiny with evidences and reverse thought process reveal that ac tually the MNCs are hindering the current development of the country as well as its future. Social menaces like human trafficking have increased to elevated levels hitting the Brazilian economy really hard. Thus, having stated this, the focus of the paper will direct towards discussing the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking are actually hindering the growth of Brazilian economy and pushing it backwards (Hauge & Magnusson, 2011, p.6). The research question that will be addressed in this paper is, â€Å"How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development?† 2. Research track: For addressing the issue in a proper and transparent manner prior discussion needs to be done with the current situation of the country with respect to development status done under the heading present situation. Within it, the first segment deals with the concept of MNCs acting as hindrance to development. The next section presents data support of the country wi th respect to its development. After that, the subsequent section will deal with the problem of human trafficking in the country. Then the course of the paper will enter into the hardcore process of analyzing the country’s development hindrance due to MNCs followed by discussion of the issue of human trafficking. 3. Present situation 3.1 Alarming truth –MNCs in development shrinkage The trajectory of globalization through empirical evidences has been seen as two way traffic. At one end, it has acted as a force delivering economic prosperity to people all over the world and on the other hand, it has been blamed for creating huge inequalities

Impact of the Nigerian Business Environment on Shell

Impact of the Nigerian Business Environment on Shell ABSTRACT Since the advent of crude oil production half a century ago in Nigeria, other parts of the productive economy such as agriculture and manufacturing have been neglected by the government and also the countrys poor and shambolic infrastructure has made doing business too costly for investors. There is a major exodus of Manufacturing companies from Nigeria presently as the rising cost of running their business is eating deeply into their profits for example Michelin, closed its operations in Nigeria two years ago citing the high cost of production, while chocolate maker, Cadbury has found it cheaper to move production to neighbouring country (like Ghana) and re-import its goods. Cheaper imports from China have closed a high percentage of factories in Nigerias once-thriving textile industry. Investors who bought equipment with foreign exchange component said they now need more naira to pay for their loans. They linked what is happening to their investment now to the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) or pre-SFEM days when importers suddenly had huge accumulated debts resulting from the adjustment of the exchange rate, over dependant on foreign goods, and high level of corrupt within the system. The micro and macro economic factors impacting on the running costs of manufacturing and production companies doing business in Nigeria makes it difficult for continued business activities in Nigeria by expatriate companies unless they are really making profit or they have a business that do not depend largely on the infrastructural amenities in Nigeria or can build a mini city that generates and produces its own power and other resources necessary to run its business such as Royal Dutch Shell. This report looks at the impact of the Nigerian business environment on Shell Plc and analysed the risks involved with macro-environmental factors. The report also analysed the strengths and weakness of shell Plc and strategies employed to take advantage of its strengths and opportunities in dealing with the various challenges they face. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 NIGERIA The Federal Republic of Nigeria comprises thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory (Abuja). The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea, a part of the Atlantic Ocean, in the south. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba (see appendix, fig 1). Nigeria has a population of almost 148 million and is the most populous African country and the 9th most populated country in the world. It has about 400 Languages (Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo Etc) and its official Language Is English but its Lingua Franca in the North Is Hausa, Yoruba in the West, Ibo in the East and Pidgin English in the South. The Nigerian currency is Naira and Kobo (see appendix, fig 2). Nigeria has a dual economy with a modern segment dependent on oil earnings, overlaid by a traditional agricultural and trading economy. At independence in 1960, agriculture accounted for well over half of GDP, and was the main source of export earnings and public revenue. The oil sector, which emerged in the 1960s and was firmly established during the 1970s now making Nigeria the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world and 8th largest exporter is now of overwhelming importance to the point of over-dependence: it provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. Competition between ethnic and regional groups for power and access to the countrys oil wealth has been at the root of politics in Nigeria. The per capita income of Nigeria is $2,300 as at 2008 base on the reports from the World Fact book. Nigeria is governed by a democratic government but not politically stable because Nigeria is a country of extremes. Great wealth and great poverty sit cheek by jowl, and tensions between different communities can boil over into civil strife especially in the delta region. While a few parts of the country remain problematic, the vast majority is as warm and welcoming to visitors as anywhere. The country have an image problem as corruption seems to be the order of the day, also email scams (419) has become known as a lot of innocent yet greedy people have been a prey to this scam. Conducting business in Nigeria is characterized with so many factors and this report will critically analyze the business environmental factors, degree of risk involved and the advantages of operating in such an environment (Nigeria). 1.1 ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC The Royal Dutch Shell Plc is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies founded by Alfred Donovan, was formed in February 1907 with the amalgamation of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (legal name in Dutch, N.V. Koninklijke, Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij) and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom, a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with the then predominant US petroleum company, John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil in the ratio of 60:40. Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) is engaged in oil and gas exploration and production, transportation and marketing of natural gas and electricity, marketing and shipping of oil products and chemicals. The company also has interests in renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar; and hydrogen. The company has extensive operations in more than 140 countries around the world. Its headquartered is in The Hague, the Netherlands and employs more than 300,000 people across the globe. The company recorded revenues of $318,845 million during the fiscal year ended December 2006, an increase of 3.9% over 2005. The operating profit of the company was $45,777 million during fiscal year 2006, an increase of 0.3% over 2005. The net profit was $26,311 million in fiscal year 2006, an increase of 0.2% over 2005. The current supplies earnings for year 2008 were $31.4 billion compared to $27.6 billion for year 2007 with an increase of 13.7%. 1.2 Management The Non executive chairman of Shell is Jorma Ollila, former Chairman and CEO of Nokia, he was appointed on the 1 June 2006. Ollila is the first Shell Chairman to be neither Dutch nor British. Other non-executive directors include Maarten van den Bergh, Wim Kok, Nina Henderson, Lord Kerr, Adelbert van Roxe, and Christine Morin-Postel. Jeroen van der Veer is the present CEO of Shell. 1.3 Shell Plc in Nigeria Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd (SPDC) started onshore operations in Nigeria since 1958 as part of a consortium led by NNPC (The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) with 55 percent and including Shell (30 percent), Elf (10 percent) and Agip (5 percent). SPDCs operations concentrate in the Niger Delta and offshore shallows nearby, where it holds oil mining leases covering an area of 31,000 km2. There, it has installed more than 6,000 km of pipelines and flow lines, 87 flow stations, eight gas plants and more than 1,000 producing wells. In 1997, SPDC produced 899,000 barrels per day from this system (about 40 percent of Nigerias OPEC crude oil quota). The SPDC workforce stands at more than 10,000 people of whom 4,500 are employees; the remainder work for contractors and of total workers, 98 percent are Nigerians (see appendix, fig 3 for Niger delta oil field in Nigeria). Shell also has three other companies which are NLNG (Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas) a gas company to produce Liquefied Natural gas and natural gas liquids for export. Shell is in joint venture with Nigeria with a 25.6% interest in NLNG (Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas) together with NNPC (49%) while SNEPCO (Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company) and SNG (Shell Nigeria Gas) are both 100% owned by Shell. SNEPCO comprise Shell Plc, Total, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron Corporation. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 SHELL PLC AND OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA 2.1 Oil and Gas The Oil and Gas Industry has played a major role globally. It has always been a central global player in international development and geopolitics and because of the critical importance of hydrocarbon based energy as the engine of rapid industrial growth in modern economy, either capitalist or communist. Due to the intrinsic dependence of this centurys growth model on access to ever-greater reserves, the industry has had to deal with increasing complexity in its relations with developing countries and environments. This in turn has led to increased cost of operations to match the growth models demands (Meadows et al, 1972; Nordhaus, 1973). WCED (1987) agreed that since 1970s, continued hydrocarbon-based Growth model is only justifiable if profits are ploughed into technological advances that would ensure a timely and less painful transition to alternative energy. 2.2 Challenges Faced By Shell Plc in Nigeria Since Shell started producing Oil in Nigeria, it has faced a lot of challenges in dealing with the government, micro and macro economics factors in Nigeria and most especially the communities, as Shell production led to oil spillage, gas leakage and so many more. It has affected the soil and water which is the main source of earnings for people in the Niger delta, as the agriculture and fishing has almost become impossible which is source of living for the people. This has raised a lot of community clashes with Shell so much so that their operations in Nigeria has been globally criticised and has also affected the image of company. In 1995, the company faced two major challenges; firstly, the Greenpeace occupied its Brent Spar platform in the North Sea to prevent its being decommissioned by sinking. Secondly, the Nigerian government executed Ogoni human rights activists: Ken Saro Wiwa, the head of the MOSOP (Movement for the survival of Ogoni people) a campaigning organization representing the ogoni people in their struggle for ethnic and environmental rights and eight others, this problem led to boycotts, public outcry and violence against the company. The crises arose soon after Shell began to review its societal relations, and further catalyzed internal support for transformation. Unfortunately, they occurred at a moment when the company was casting about for ways to avoid exactly such crises, leading Shell officials to heed those who internally promoted a new approach. CHAPTER THREE 3.0 ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS For management of Shell Plc to apply effective Strategy that will work at international level and which will also reflect the Companys Vision, Mission, and Objectives, they need to understand the international business environment (both internal and external environment) of the host country (Niger delta, Nigeria). A good international strategic planner must recognise all relevant factors within the environment before pushing it through the process of analysing, decisions making and actions taking. Putting the relevant factors into consideration and testing them will help to create sustainable competitive advantages over other competitors. After critical analysis of the international business environment by the team of strategic planners for Shell Plc regarding Nigeria Oil Industry, decision needs to be taken to determine the mode of operation that should be employed by the company in order to compete effectively and efficiently within the oil industry of the host country. Decisions are of no use unless they have been implemented (acted on and monitored); Shell Plc needs competent strategists that will utilize the available resources effectively to bring the intended operations and strategies to reality. Shell Plc has been in Oil business since 1886 and operates around the world. The company has been able to maintain good name (goodwill), good customers loyalty, and strong customer database. The company construct meaningful strategic planning for Nigeria business environment before/after operating in the country, while the strategy is monitored and reviewed quarterly to reflect the companys true vision, mission, and objectives. 3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS The Strengths of Royal Dutch in Nigeria includes SPDC (Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria) is the Oldest Oil and Gas industry in Nigeria. It was the first company to begin the production of Oil and Gas in Nigeria as a result, the company was able to monopolise the Oil Sector in Nigeria for a long period and established herself as a for-runner with a higher percentage than any competitors in the market. SPDC has a long standing name as one of the biggest Oil and Gas Company in the world as such it has the necessary equipment and money to invest in exploration of oil in Nigeria. Shell has been in business for over a century and they came to Nigeria with wealth of experience, technology, innovation and machinery. Shell operates autonomy of Shell Companies in a decentralized structure allowing Shell Offices in different countries to deal with the regulations, culture and behaviour of the communities in the best suitable way to meet their needs and concern. The Weaknesses of Shell Plc in Nigeria are: Shell faces the challenges that most companies encountered when they come into other countries as they have to learn the new rules, regulations and behaviours of the country and this can be a weakness from the start. Shell was not prepared for the challenge of dealing with the expense of ameliorating socio-environmental concerns which escalated and caused a lot of criticism internally and damaged the image of the company globally. The Opportunities of Shell Plc in Nigeria are: Nigeria was a virgin ground and shell Plc had the opportunity of being the first oil and gas to start production of oil and since then more and more oil fields were been discovered in Nigeria which has led to continuous production and increased production and business for the company. Shell had the opportunity for developing new business ideas as Nigeria gave them the licence to do that which led to joint venture between Shell Plc and Nigerian government, then the discovery of Natural gas led to LNG (another Joint venture) with Nigerian government and other opportunities opened up and shell now has SNEPCO and SNG, wholly owned. Also, Shell has the financial background to go into deep water exploration that led to new discoveries and new business expansion. The Threats of operating in Nigeria are: Fear of persistent interruption in their operations or damages to their properties and machineries by the militants in the delta region from which they conduct the drilling. Oil Gas extraction will someday reach a limit point but technical improvements in seismic exploration and extraction efficiencies have ensured continuing growth in reserves at the resource frontier. Growth of alternative sources of energy particularly renewable such as biomass and solar might changed their modus operandi. Continuing criticism on their image globally will increase costs spend on company and brand image. The new oil reform bill that would allow the Nigeria to retake acreage that has not yet been explored by their owners. Fear of new players into the oil sector from China and Brazil that will break its dominance in Nigerian oil and gas sector. It may be the target for other competitors. 3.2 PEST ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT If organisation is able to know that only one thing that constant in this world is change, it would be able to make plan for emergent situations by understanding its business environment. It is very important for any organisation that intends to operate in Nigeria business environment to conduct environmental analysis before and after starting a business. In fact, continuous process should be applied to all aspects of planning because Nigeria business environment is not predictable despite its attractiveness. The companys strategic planners must be able to identify its marketing environment that is made up of the following: The internal environment is the staff (or internal customers- hired contractors), office technology, finance, wages etc. The microenvironment is the organisational external customers, suppliers, distributors, other competitors etc. Company with strong internal forces can still set up strategies to dictate the mode of its operations. The macro-environment cannot be control but company can set up strategies that will help in adapting to the business environment, which is known as PEST FACTORS- Political Factors (and Legal), Economic Factors, Socio-cultural Factors, and Technological Factors (see appendix, fig 4). 3.2.1 POLITICAL/ LEGAL FACTORS political/legal factors influences the environmental regulations which participants in the oil industry must comply with. As with many factors in the general environment, changes that benefit one industry may damage others. For example, on the political front, government legislation can affect oil production by increasing the leasing charges on oilfield and then charge taxes per barrel produced. In a broader view, the following constitutes the numerous political and legal issues to be considered in any business environment: Political stability Risk of military invasion Legal framework for air pollution Intellectual property protection Industrial safety regulations Anti-trust laws Pricing regulation Taxation and incentives Wages legislation Hours work per week Mandatory employee benefits RISK ASSESSMENT ON POLITICAL/LEGAL FACTORS Nigerian political/legal history was characterised by military intervention, civil war, ethnic sentiments, and marginalisation. The country has a bad record in democratic set up and abuse of human right practices. The high level of corruption and political instability did not allow the rule of law to reflect in the society and also, the problem of instability in government policy due to lack of continuity in governance. Shell Plc assessed Nigerian business environment and capitalised on the corruption practices of the people. The company involvement in the execution of environmental activist (Ken Saro-wiwa) and eight Ogoni people that protested against the company reckless operations on their farm lands (in Niger Delta) cannot be dismissed. The political/legal factors do not possess any risk to Shell Plc if it knows is way. It is not necessary also for the company to follow all the legislations laid down for the Oil Industry. Legislations on industrial safety, air pollution control, wages, maximum hours work, mandatory employee benefits etc were not observed by the company. 3.2.2 ECONOMIC FACTORS the economy has an impact in all industries, from suppliers of raw materials to manufacturers of finished goods and services as well as all organisation in the service, wholesale, retail, government and non-profit sectors of economies. Key economic indicators include the following: Interest rates Unemployment rate Type of economic system in countries of operation Government intervention in the free market Comparative advantages of host country Exchange rates and stability of host country currency Efficiency of financial markets Workforce and labour cost Business cycle stage (e.g. prosperity, recession and recovery) RISK ASSESSMENT ON ECONOMIC FACTORS Nigeria operates mixed economy system which helps Shell Plc to manipulate the system because of government intervention in the economy. The interest rate does not pose any threat to Shell Plc because it did not take loans from any Nigerian banks. The companys bankers (the foreign banks) finance and support all their financial activities which favour Shell Plc because of devaluation in Nigerian currency. The major economic risk assessment to Shell Plc operating in Nigeria is increase in unemployment rate (especially in Niger Delta) due to exploitation of crude oil in that area that leads to job lost. The effect of this action has turned thousand of youths into militant groups that kidnapped foreign workers employed the company in exchange for money while some stole extracted oil from Shell. Despite the problem encountered from the militants, the company still operate in Nigeria because of prosperity attached to Oil Industry in Nigeria. 3.2.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS -socio-cultural forces influence the values, believes, and lifestyles of a society. Examples include a higher percentage of women in civil service and more men engineering related jobs, holidaymaker, dual-income families, night out orientation, increases in the number of temporary workers, greater concern for healthy diets and physical fitness, greater interest in the environment, and postponement of having children. Some of these factors affect Oil Industry in Nigeria. RISK ASSESSMENT ON SOCIAL-CULTURAL FACTORS The risks that associate with Social-Cultural factors are many especial to the indigene of Niger Delta where eighty percent of the population are illiterate and have strong believed in their local tradition. Most of the indigene want to work for Shell Plc as a security officer or domestic assistant but their level of literacy does not matched the companys requirement. Shell Plc has employed some of the indigene on temporary basis and gives them opportunity to integrate within the system. The company give out scholarship to the indigene of Niger Delta to increase their level of literacy and give them sound orientations that meet the companys standard in order to tackle some of the problems associated with these factors. 3.2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS development in technology leads to new products and services and improve how they are produced and delivered to the customers. Innovations can create entire new industries and alter boundaries of existing industries. Issues to be considered in technological analysis include the following: Recent technological development Technologys impact on product offering Impact on cost of production Impact on value chain structure Rate of technological diffusion RISK ASSESSMENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The only major risk on technological factors is problem of electricity power supply which can hinder technological advancement. This problem has been taken care for by using Power Generator to support the power system but add to the cost of production. There are no standard infrastructural facilities in place when Shell Plc moved to Nigeria but the government is now committed to modern technological development. Shell Plc imports most of its equipment with foreign expertise that operate it and then arranged with the expertise to train home workers. This process improves technological adoption and diffusion which also reduce the cost of production in long run. The company have used different methods to attract young talented graduates (in all disciplines but priority to engineering students) and trained them to become an expert. The number of Macro- environmental factors is virtually unlimited. In practice, the oil producers must prioritise and monitor those factors that influence the industry. It may be difficult to forecast future trends of any international business environment base on the macro-environmental factors with an accurate level of acceptability because of its complexity. 3.3 STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY SHELL PLC FOR DEALING WITH CHALLENGES Shell Plc used corporate alliance strategy to shed off threats from competitors and to maintain its dominant position. The company operates joint venture with Nigerian government (NNPC) and also in partnership with Total, Chevron Corporation, and Exxon Mobil Corporation to form Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company (SNEPCO). The company was also in partnership with Globacom (a Nigerian telecommunication company) to create employment impact that will enhance the companys operations (Shell Plc) in Nigeria. Their strategy involved helping communities to leverage income and improve their quality of life in conventional ways, such as creating jobs and assisting to defray costs of social overheads such as roads, schools and hospitals. The company set up a committee that look into complain by the farmer(s). The committee assessed complains and compensate appropriate to their loss. The company also support the government initiative on amnesty by giving support to militants that submit their gun(s). The company want to support training or education of militants that surrendered their ammunition for to better life (see appendix, fig 6 for the images of militants surrendered their guns). The company is using Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to build its image locally and globally to show more concern on corporate governance and sustainable development. The CSR campaign by Shell Plc is to accelerate developmental and employment-generating opportunities across the Nation but especial Niger delta. Two special partnerships have been entered into by the company with USAID (United States Agency for International Development)- a 5 year worth $20 million agreement to develop Nigerian capacity in agriculture, health and business enterprise; and with Africare- a 3 year worth $4.5 million partnership that focus on reducing deaths from malaria. Security strategy was used to crush the militants through cooperation between Shell and State Security Forces but proved ultimately counterproductive as youth militancy increased and the security deteriorated across the wider Delta. The militants target (kidnap) the foreign workers and key officers in Shell Plc in exchange for money (compensation) which nearly put an end to Shell operations in that region (see appendix, fig 5 for images of workers kidnapped). The company outlined a new approach of CSR and community engagement which aimed to build a security-development nexus in partnership with local people. This approach has worked well for the company but now it has led to uncivil tensions along gendered and ethnic lines which undermine the prospect of a long term solution. 3.4 NIGERIAN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE- Porters Diamond Model SWOT analysis was used to determine the advantages, the level of attractiveness and risk involved in Nigerian business environment in line with the macro environmental factors for Shell Plc to operate in Nigeria (especially in Oil Gas Sector). Despite the problems and criticism encountered by Shell Plc, the company still operate and increase investment in Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector, and also extend partnership across the sector because of Nigerian comparative advantage. The Nigerian business environment possesses most of the qualities and characteristics that determine national competitive advantage as stated by Michael Porter in his theory (see appendix, fig 7 for porters diamond model). He identifies four sets of conditions that are essential in determining country competitive advantage: Factor conditions- human, knowledge, physical, technological and capital resources. Demand conditions- quality and quantity of home demand, demand that internationalised the domestic market will stimulate innovation faster in the domestic market. Related and supporting industries- availability of aid to trade (banking, insurance, transportation, warehouse and telecommunication). Firm strategy, structure and rivalry- local rivals and strategy that works with business environment. There are two other factors that can play an important role for any company to fully enjoy competitive advantage of any nation: chance (war, politics, financial movement and serendipity) and government (government policies, subsidies, training/education, and effective capital market). We have discussed most of these factors in our SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on Shell Plc. CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION What is Shell Plc comparative advantage in economic reform, competitiveness and economic governance when viewed in the light of activities initiated by other bilateral and multilateral donors, NGOs, and the Government of Nigeria? Shell Plcs broad comparative advantages are in government institutional strengthening and promoting private sector-led growth. Shell Plc has the most impact when it targets its activities in these areas at operational levels, where they can have sustainable effects, rather than at broad consensus-building (except in public awareness activities). In a vast bureaucratic environment like Nigerias, support must be highly selective, focusing on agencies and institutions in key leverage positions. These activities will complement the comparative advantages of other donors (who are operating at different sector but in partnership with Shell plc like Globacom and USAID). Globacom will continue to focus on telecommunication, and its technical and operational activities in the technology area can coordinate with Shell Plc. The USAIDs comparative advantage is in developing and implementing programs that actually address agriculture, health and business development. Shell Plcs CSR campaigns and partnership with international body (like Africare and USAID) will go a long way to redeem the image of the company internationally and also help to maximise their competitive advantage over others (like BP- British Petroleum). Their support to Nigerian government amnesty to educate and employ militants that surrendered their guns will reduce the number of youth that join militant group to survive. It is very important to be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of any organisation when using SWOT analysis; it is of most important to identify the organisational current strengths and weaknesses then future chances. The macro environmental factors need to be mirrored with the organisational competitive advantage. Continuing evaluation of organisation strategy will help to check how effective they are in practice and then helps to inform of future environmental challenges. References Best, M. (1990) the New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Dabbs and Bateson (1998), corporate impact of addressing social issues in projects of the developing world, Pro-Natural. Lima, Peru Davis, J (1998), a Commitment to Sustainable Development, WBCSD, London. Elkington, J (1998) Contributing to Society, a personal view. In Shell International, Ltd. Profits and Principles: does there have to be a choice? London. pp. 46-47. Environmental Resources Management (ERM), 1996, Camisea: Increasing Social Capital. London, May Faulds, E, F. Morrison and A. Wilkinson Shell, UK (1998) Engineering in a Show Me Frynas, Jedzrej George Oil in Nigeria: conflict and Litigation between Oil Companies and Village Communities Hamburg Lit 2000 Hastings, M, Corporate Incentives and environmental decision making: A case study and workshop report Centre for Global Studies, September 1999 Marketing Teacher (2008), Analysing the Environment- Five Forces Analysis retrieved on 08, December 2009 www.marketingteacher.com The World Fact Book (2009), Country with top per capita income retrieved on 03, December 2009 Wade, B.N

Gough Whitlam :: essays research papers

We are a government committed to bringing change into about social and economical aspects of our country." (Hayden, Speech, 1973) The Whitlam government's term was filled with controversy, scandals and public protest however, despite criticism of the government it is undoubted that within its term, 5 December 1972- 11 November 1975, the government was significantly influenced by socialist ideals through directing its policies relating to the social, economic and government aspects of society. The government adapted 'crash through or crash' style of policy change, reminiscent of a peaceful socialist revolution, however modified to suite the Australian climate. Whitlam's approach included more democratic elements and involved the people influencing the policies of his government, his eventual goal to solve the great problems capitalism had brought upon Australia. (McGavin, 1987, 55) His solution was quite simply to lessen the capitalist enemy of socialism, the class divide. The government promised the citizens of Australia better quality of life hand in hand with equality and said that these goals would be implem ented in the improvement of education, health and welfare, stricter economic regulation as well as broad public ownership of several other basic industries and finally an extension of the national government's power promoting constitutional and electoral changes. Socialism is defined as a political doctrine concerned with the morals of society and relates to all economic and social aspects of society. Socialism is further characterised by the state ownership and nationalisation of all means of production, facilities and banking for the reason that under socialist control private barriers can no longer prevent the people from working together for the common good. (Bobbio, 1987, 44) This utopia is thought to be achieved through a peaceful political revolution, of course, in the best interests of the nation. (Evans, 1977, 23) Furthermore, socialism is defined by the belief that capitalism has unforgivably failed the working classes and that there is in fact simply no need for inequalities that exist within society. Socialist theory dictates that inequalities within society should be altered to the extent that the upper class minority can no longer hold exclusivity to privilege whilst the majority of the working classes suffer. Whitlam's breed of socialism embraced the practical and moral components of the ideology. Further, he was a great advocate for rapid change and this was extremely reminiscent of ideological socialist revolution. "We have a new chance for our nation. We can recreate this nation.

HRM Consultancy Report †BancRoyale Amsterdam Essay

In a survey undertaken by PWC of customers and outsourcing service providers cut across different advanced countries, over 80% customers noted that outsourcing activities delivered targeted gains provided for in the original business case. By implication therefore, it can be said that outsourcing and offshoring in the case of Bancroyale is a basic part of organizational strategy in a bid to maintain competitive advantage and staying ahead of other organizations. The need to outsource certain business processes by organizations over the years have been attributed to the recession that hit hard on world economies and businesses, it is also borne out of the need to reduce and contain costs while maximizing benefits and increased efficiency. As we speak and in coming years, process enhancement and productivity as well as governance, risk and security are other needs to be met by business process outsourcing. It is a trend that continues to emerge over time. Business processes such as IT and payroll management is of the essence to be outsourced due to their dynamic nature for the former and better efficiency in management by 3rd parties for the latter. Studies have shown that about 50% of clients are discouraged from outsourcing due to a lack of experience by service providers and their inability to justify the costs against benefits and therefore provided a justification for preference for in-house employees over 3rd parties while some companies do not have the skills to manage outsourcing activities and the service providers. Some are of the opinion that they require to put their house in order before outsourcing certain business processes. Banc Royale Amsterdam known and popular for superior and friendly customer service has taken steps to outsource its online customer service unit to a small South American company to handle due to increasing costs of maintaining this department. It is pertinent to take note of issues that may arise due to this change and its effect on the bank and also its customers. Majority of organizational change management systems fails as proven by research because employees who are at the core of these programs are not carried along and feel left out, this leads to low morale which results in demotivation and its consequences. Dawson and Jones (n.d), said that it is the people/employees that are subject to change and must adapt to change as against the organization adapting to change therefore human capital is the most important and critical element when instituting any form of change. People/employee and customer issues would arise and worthy of note is the language barriers already raised by the firm saddled with the responsibility of handling this unit. It is expected that most customers of Banroyale would speak Dutch or French and this should have been put into consideration while contracting this unit out to a South American firm. From the onset, management ought to have determined if this firm has Dutch speaking customer service consultants that would be able to communicate with their customers and also keep up with the standard of superior customer service set by the bank. The entire reason to outsource this unit is completed defeated if the bank cannot maximize benefits from this exercise as customers that are not pleased with services via the online customer service window are either completely lost or aggrieved thereby making the bank lose more money than it planned to save. The decision to outsource a key unit of the bank by the management is also likely to cause collective distrust amongst employees in spite of the fact that the decision is a strategic performance management decision that is expected to make the bank cut down on its increasing costs. According to Shawn 2008, the decision to outsource creates uncertainty for existing employees and it could make them to look elsewhere for employment, in cases where they do not leave, they most times do not cooperate with the new service providers to provide them with adequate information that would make the task easier to handle thereby causing also decreased efficiency in service delivery and bring in operational risk. Another major people management issue of outsourcing of this unit has to do with the customers to be attended to. In most cases, the service provider, that is the South American firm even though based on recommendation are highly professional most often than not would not be able to provide 100% banking services customers have always enjoyed because they have limited access to the bank’s customer database and hence, all they would be able to do while trying to serve the bank customers is to only take down messages and tell the customers someone would get back to them, these are customers that probably want to know their bank balance, ask questions regarding interest rates, cancel standing orders immediately etc. Only staff of the bank that has access to specific customer data base would be able to provide services to these customers. There is a very high likelihood that there would be a wide gap between management goals and eventual performance. One of the bank’s strategic capabilities and strengths is embedded in this unit that is customer service which is a major selling point for the organization; therefore it ought not be toyed or experimented with. In its quest to maintain a competitive advantage other areas should be looked at to reduce costs and expenses. HRM should seek to look at better ways to maximize the performance of this unit by determining unnecessary overheads are proposing to bank management to reduce, it could also develop more work challenges and deliverables to the managers of this unit in order to justify the increasing costs. Increasing costs accruable from this unit should provide increasing bottom lines for the entire bank, therefore performance management systems should be adopted to determine if these increasing expenses are justifiable and are actually increasing the bank’s bottom line. HRM could also propose to the service provider to hire some of the laid off bank customer service consultants and have them on their payroll on their own terms, this would ensure that these people are not so aggrieved for being laid off but also be able to still provide their services to the bank indirectly through the service provider. Lastly, if it is of great necessity that management outsource this unit then it is advised that it be done gradually and strategically in order to integrate the service providers into the system instead of a sudden transfer of this function thereby causing avoidable people management issues. SECTION 2- Organisational Solutions OB-HR Matrix Relationships The study of organizational behavior covers basically how knowledge about people, individuals, and groups are applied within an organization; and covers topics bordering on leadership behavior and power & politics, communication, group structure and process, learning & attitude development and perception, change process, conflict, negotiation and resolution, job design and motivation etc. Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individual and groups in organizations. Therefore, the findings of this report are meant to be applied by managers to see how relevant they are to real world practical organizational challenges. The managers or HR professionals apply these organizational behavior theories and principles in solving problems that relate to human capital. For instance, while OB would explore the relationship between social recognition or employee motivation and job performance, human resource management would be examining the best ways to structure a perfect rewards system and performance management. In other words, the study of organizational behavior provides significant insights to human resource management when the principle and theories are effectively applied by HR professionals. Motivation and Diversity being very key and relevant organizational behavior concepts relevant to the change process being embarked upon by the organization would be the subject of analysis in this section. MOTIVATION – By making reference to the book ‘’Good to Great’’ by Jim Collins where he analyzed how Fortune 500 companies such as Wells Fargo, Walgreens etc transformed from just good companies to great companies. These companies were reported to have transformed into great companies basically by their commitment to hire the right people with emphasis on character, work ethics, intelligence, values and commitment and refusing to hire when such people were unavailable. This model was also adopted by Apple when they embarked on opening retail stores to serve their customers, they focused on hiring only very highly passionate individuals for their products i.e. highly enthusiastic about Apple products and this would only mean that, employees are first hand self motivated because they are passionate about what they are doing and so whether they are rewarded using the traditional reward systems or not, they are still happy doing what they are doing. However, Apple did not just stop at hiring passionate people, they created very unusual reward systems worthy of note is by not placing sales people on commission so as to ensure tension is completely eroded and employees maintain a very calm mien in dealing with customers. These hired sales people also go through rigorous trainings to acquaint them with the skills and knowledge to succeed in the Retail stores. Career growth opportunities for these sets of employees to grow through different opportunities are provided within the organization. Motivation in this context is therefore defined as an employee’s willingness to put in his maximum effort into his job to achieve organizational objectives while also being able to meet his personal needs and objectives. Motivation was defined by Baron, 1983 as a set of processes concerned with the force that energizes behavior and directs it towards attaining some goals. Simply put, motivation is the reasons why individuals behave the way they behave or do what they do, which implies in a workplace that an employee is said to be motivated on the job when he enjoys doing what he is doing and totally involved in it as against doing it for the sake of only remuneration to be received. A self-motivated employee implies that personal goals align with organizational goals most often than not therefore, employee satisfaction & retention, customer satisfaction & retention and accomplishment of organizational goals are guaranteed even in the long run. Human behavior is goal directed and it is motivation that drives an individual to behave in a particular way he does. Motivated employees are more self driven and autonomy-oriented than those who are less motivated ( Ryan and Deci, 2000), they also show interest in colleagues work more than less motivated employees which makes them more open to challenges and developmental opportunities. Motivation and HRM approaches for BancRoyale. Research and studies have shown and proven that motivation is positively related to employee performance and therefore HRM has a major role in this regard by implementing the concept of performance and reward management. Gungor, 2011 conducted a research on the relationship between reward management systems and employee performance with a major focus on motivation as a critical and intervening factor, he concluded that reward management systems application is significantly and positively related to motivation and employee performance which implies that financial rewards have great impact on employee performance and motivation (be it intrinsic and extrinsic). HRM has the duty to identify employee needs and goals through employee audit and other means that target employees’ individuality. The implementation of performance management systems by BancRoyale would make it benefit greatly from all its positive outcomes such as customer and employee satisfaction and retention and other additional benefits. Individuals have different needs as analyzed by Abraham Maslow in his ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ and theory of motivation where he stated that individual needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance, he also added that all these needs are insatiable, however as one level of need is satisfied it no longer motivates behavior and therefore the next level is activated. HRM must be able to determine the level on which each employee is on to be able to strategically position the organization to meet such needs. It is important that HRM understands that unmet needs and expectations of employees over time leads to certain behavioral patterns that manifest in absenteeism, frustration, work stress and conflicts with its attendant effect on performance. DIVERSITY – Meanings According to the US Department of Interior, diversity refers to many demographic variables including but not limited to race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, geographic origin and skill characteristics. The Law Society of Scotland says that diversity is about recognizing that everyone is different in a variety of visible and non visible ways; and about creating a culture that respects and value uniqueness and difference in people in order to harness their potential in creating a more productive working environment. Diversity encompasses acceptance and respect of individual uniqueness and differences, exploration of these differences in a safe, positive and nurturing work environment, moving beyond mere tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity within each individual (University of Oregon, www.gladstone.uoregon.edu/) Diversity and HRM approaches for BancRoyale HRM is saddled with the responsibility of managing diversity, ensuring the organization conforms to the legal requirements related to equal opportunity. This process is managed with HR functions ranging from recruitment, selection,evaluation, job design, training, people management to workforce management in terms of placing the right people in the right location and position. Due to seeming economic and business realities in addition to demographic changes taking place within the organization, diversity management is an all-new challenge for HR and the entire bank. If HR performs its functions related in this context, it would save the organization from avoidable litigation, reduced employee costs and better bottomlines. In order to make diversity a strong point of the bank, the following HR processes should be considered: Recruitment and selection: HR must look to assembling teams of diverse backgrounds that would stimulate creativity and innovation with skill sets that complement each other. Technology: diverse workforce often includes virtual teams therefore the need for technological support. HR policy: need to take into cognizance cultural and ethical aspects in addressing equality standards prevalent in each location they are present. Training: Managers and employees need to be trained on leadership and teamwork as it applies in a diverse workplace. KEY HRM ISSUES WITH GREAT IMPACT ON THE TRANSITION FROM IN-HOUSE ONLINE CUSTOMER SERVICE TO 3RD PARTY SERVICE MANAGEMENT IN BANCROYALE Diversity Management Diversity Management – â€Å"Diversity management is the ability of an organization to maximize the advantages of organizational employee diversity and minimize the inherent problems. I.e maximize the benefits and minimize the costs of implementing diversity policy in the workplace† Benefits to Banc Royale Creating a competitive advantage (the business case for diversity) Better understanding of diverse customers. Increased productivity on complex tasks. Better problem solving as a result of inputs of diverse members. Increased innovation Potential issues that may arise in diversity management (Knouse 2008) Diversity members may show loyalty to background groups rather than the team. Potential for increased conflicts amongst employees with diverse background. Potential for exclusion of people different and more cohesion amongst similar groups within networks. Potential for non-cooperation when group members have different values. High potential for miscommunication among diverse organizations Proposed solutions HRM practices must be fair and equitable and take responsibility for the effective delivery of the policy Work groups and teams must be allowed to grow and develop in stages and be given time to fully develop Diversity plan must be well thought out and communicated to be effectively implemented. Change focus from social cohesion to task cohesion Reinforce a culture of diversity through continued management commitment Institute mentoring systems with bias for the diversity cause. Employing the right people to deliver best quality service based on equality of opportunity. Ensuring employees are able to contribute a diverse range of skills and experience. Ensuring Banc Royale harnesses and realises full potentials and performance of employees. Building and encouraging a culture of intolerance to discrimination. Eliminating barriers leading to discrimination and prejudice. Building a culture that fosters cooperation and respect amongst employees. Board of Directors is overall lead. All directors and line managers are responsible for full implementation of the policy. Employees are responsible for adhering and complying with the policies. Trainings, sensitization seminars and workshops are conducted and organized by HRM for employees to learn about the policy. Emergence of virtual teams Virtual teams came to the fore as evolving organizations saw the increasing need to go global and this was characterized by technological advancement. Organizations whose goals are to maintain a competitive advantage believe that creating effective virtual teams are necessary to achieve this goal. Global brands such as Coca cola, Microsoft, Citigroup, Ford, Toyota and even non-profit organizations have been able to lead the pack of their various industries as they have seen ahead that they require to be present across all parts of the world using people as their major resource. Symons et al (2007) have this to say about virtual teams being teams where its members are geographically dispersed and unified by one project. Which invariably means that there are 2 teams: physical teams and virtual teams unified by one organizational goal. While the physical team adopt face to face communication, the virtual team communicate using technology such as telephones, emails, conference calls, or other computer-mediated communication. The foregoing pre-supposes that in building or creating virtual/global teams, there would be a large involvement of a diverse workforce scattered all over the globe which comes with its attendant challenges and even more benefits if systematically harnessed. MIT Sloan School conducted a study in 2009 and concluded that virtual teams could outperform physical teams and provided a justification for their creation which amongst others include: Productivity day in day out due to time zone differences, Sharing of best practices, Reducing costs, Innovation and increased creativity as a result of highly diversed workforce. Bergiel et al (2008) said that such teams as virtual teams allow organizations to attract and retain top talents because workplace flexibility is seen as a crucial aspect of job satisfaction for many employees; for many companies, the use of virtual teams reduces costs and time of employee travel. However, inspite of all the benefits accruable from virtual teams, without proper structures and strategic planning, these benefits may not be harnessed. Trust is a crucial component required in building a cohesive and effective team and it even becomes more complicated when this trust needs to be built where distance is a barrier. In building trust, it is important for team members to have face to face interactions, this allows them to develop rapport, build friendship and relationships and also have a better understanding of the team goals. Frequent communication electronically between members also has a way of fostering relationships. Team training from time to time on technology that has to do with team interaction would also go a long way to promoting the understanding of team goals and objectives Virtual teams are very much likely to fail when organizations do not make appropriate investment in technology and training of team members. Team leaders must be taught how to provide leadership and direction with giving feedbacks effectively through unconventional methods while members should be trained and given guidelines on how to communicate with other team members to encourage team building. At the helm of all of these is the support and trust of company CEO and other management staff in promoting and deepening the activities of the virtual team without which it is bound to fail. The decision to create virtual teams is usually the idea of management and therefore they must be seen to support it by building the appropriate structures that would ensure goals are achieved. Symons et al (2008) concluded and postulated some key points that should be followed by virtual managers which is hereby recommended to the Customer Service Departmental Head in alliance with the South American company that is in charge of it and they are as follows: Communication is a critical component of virtual teams enhanced by the support and the introduction of technology, therefore virtual teams succeed when value are placed on the people than the technology. It implies that the manager must create a definite purpose in cooperation with his team members and effectively communicate it to them. Leadership style advised for virtual teams is democratic in order to get the best out people and promote creativity and innovation. This is the benefit obtainable from having a diverse workforce and it must be adequately harnessed by the leadership approach used. In this kind of work environment, each team member is able to voice his opinion irrespective of his background, language, status etc. The virtual manager is able to create a very high level of trust when conscious efforts are made from the outset to address trust issues and conflicts that might arise as a result of diversity. He therefore should employ essentially face to face interactions in conflict resolutions and better still create an environment of friendship where conflicts are minimal. In addition to these key points, virtual teams are disadvantaged by problems or challenges characterized by difficulties in communication caused by the absence of face to face interactions, lack of employee engagement to get the best out of team members, major trust and integrity issues etc all caused by inability to go through physical interactions. This is responsible for the slow pace of trust building in virtual teams however all of these disadvantages and more can be mitigated to have our dream ideal virtual team or better put, the ideal Customer Service Department by employing tested strategies. The Banc Royale virtual manager is hereby advised to adopt the following strategies in building a cohesive and effective team: Communication All team members must be kept closely via communication. Effective communication is essential from top to bottom and bottom to top ensuring free flow of information. Communication must also be frequent and the manager’s responsiveness to communication or information is also key to effective communication. Communication does not start or end with passing information, listening and being very attentive is also critical. He must be able to create awareness from time to time so that the team can achieve expected outcomes and results. His ability to make use of the technology resource provided also enhance communication and also train team members on how to optimize the benefits available in the resource. The team leader must seek to understand his members through and through including their cultures and background, this would help him in deepening his relationship and develop trust. Collaboration The virtual manager must be able to create a collaborative mindset in the entire team which harmonises the best of competition and fostering trust and respect amongst team members. Collaboration can only be achieved when divergent views are welcome are analysed to take decisions that would allow for goals to be achieved and eventually create a win-win situation. Defined team objectives The virtual manager must be able to make his team members know the reason for their existence. This reason must be well clarified and communicated, team members must understand the role and contribution of their team to the entire bank, what is expected from each team member, results that are expected from the team etc. This clarity of purpose ensures that employees are properly engaged. Success celebration Milestones and successes must be celebrated to motivate star performers and encourage other team members to do better. Finally, the Customer Service department head could also adopt an account/customer classification approach to structuring the new online customer service just outsourced. The Team lead is advised to divide his team across the types of clients that patronize the unit such as new customers, existing customers broken down into retail, commercial, borrowing and non-borrowing customers. It is also necessary to ensure multi-lingual Customer Service Consultants are hired to avoid complaints as a result of language barriers. Influence of Power and Politics Power is the capacity or ability to influence another and it is drawn from various sources such as formal authority, control of scarce resources, control of decision processes, control of knowledge and information etc Politics is the tactical use of power or practical exercise of power to retain or obtain control of real or symbolic resources† according to Bacharach et al (1980 p. 1). Politics in the workplace or organization is usually driven by personal interests and therefore tantamount to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. This determines productivity within the organization. The influence of power and politics on Banc Royale Amsterdam as a result of the changes being made can be both positive and negative. Scholars such as Eisendhart et al (1988) believes that politics is linked with poor organizational performance creating inflexibilities, communication barrier, restricting information flow etc. while some scholars are of the opinion that politics is necessary for innovation, creativity and organizational change that are brought about by disagreements and conflicts. This decision as taken by the management has some political undertones to it due to the fact that this unit is a very key unit in the organization, it can be noted that other units also exist within the organization that could also have been outsourced to cut down on expenses. This decision definitely would have caused collective distrust amongst employees not affected by this decision and could lead them to seek for employment in other organizations. According to Shawn 2008, the decision to outsource creates uncertainty for existing employees and it could make them to look elsewhere for employment, in cases where they do not leave, they most times do not cooperate with the new service providers to provide them with adequate information that would make the task easier to handle thereby causing also decreased efficiency in service delivery and bring in operational risk. It would also bring about a situation whereby other existing employees of the entire department would lose confidence in the Manager of the department for allowing such a decision to be taken. They would lose confidence in his ability to provide leadership and therefore bring about a decline the department’s productivity and his ability to be in control. If an individual is perceived by others to have influence then such person holds power and such is arrogated to him. When his employees believe in his ability to control the distribution of rewards valued by others such as promotion, money or even his ability to influence management to retain the â€Å"online customer service unit†, then they believe he has power and influence and would respect his leadership. Power requires one person’s perception of dependence on another person and in this situation, existing employees of this department are beginning to think otherwise. In order to minimize power and politics which is not bad entirely except it is engendering an unethical culture within the organization, it is of necessity that HRM takes a very strong stand to tackle it and I would recommend that they look at HR processes that include Recruitment and Performance Management. In whatever HR process we want to look at, the sole aim is to ensure that negative power and politics is downplayed and HR plays a major role in ensuring that. It is important that structures are built that do align with the objectives of the organization based solely on Corporate Governance policies in order to have management buy in. Section 3: Conclusion ‘Human capital represents one of the last and the best sources of competitive advantage’ (Kaufman, 2010: 292). The strategic objective of Banc Royale is to provide â€Å"helpful banking† to its numerous customers who are mostly retail customers, therefore cannot afford to get customer service wrong so that customers would not lose confidence in the brand. Quick steps need be taken immediately to first address the language barrier issues that are existent between both customers-service providers-bank employees. It is recommended and advised that management should change the focus of this exercise from cost reduction alone to enhanced and improved productivity with greater emphasis on collaboration between the bank officials and the service providers to ensure seamless integration. We all know change is difficult, however, if we consider what we stand to gain as an organization we would be glad to embrace change. Globalization, the need to maintain competitive advantage and churn out good bottom lines at minimal expenses, economic downturn are amongst other justifications for the creation of virtual teams and the need to outsource certain units of an organization. Banc Royale intends to be at the forefront of this, therefore all employees are enjoined to understand the workings and the concept of virtual teams in order to give support as required. Virtual managers have the responsibility to acquaint themselves with the roles required of them which include and are not limited to: Providing strategic direction in alignment with corporate goals Motivating and empowering team members to achieve team goals Identifying and providing required resources to achieve team goals Developing and communicating a clear vision to team members Giving effective employee feedbacks etc. Performance management as it affects human resources is to ensure organizational goals are met by training, motivating and rewarding employees by adopting best practices to achieve competitive advantage. As it applies to Banc Royale at this point in time, there is a need for management to have meetings and round table discussions with existing employees that the organization require to retain and get them to understand the reasons for the decision taken and make them see reason, in addition to this, appraisal could be done for the existing employees so that promotion exercise can be undertaken or probably an increase in compensation so as to win their hearts. The human resource management department of any organization is charged with the responsibility of managing employees, employee welfare and employee performance in alignment to the organizational goals and objectives, it is however in the purview of HRM to direct and guide employees and management to behave in such a manner that would ensure both personal and organizational goals are aligned and delivered. This describes the link between organizational behavior and human resource approaches and concept all described in this report. Human resource management can be used as a tool by management for shaping organizational behavior. The relationship between organizational behavior and human resource management stems from the fact that human resource management can be used as a tool for shaping organizational behavior. The practice of performance management also helps in the integration of other HR practices such as talent management, training and development, reward system management that have been discussed in this report to ensure they are all interrelated and be able to complement each other to achieving overall organizational health goals and objectives. Performance management systems aid the integration and enmeshment of HR policies with overall business organizational goals. REFERENCES Aguinis, H. 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