Ch notes

Indians and Africans) b) Factors that hindered unity among the Europeans in America 1. Puritans carved tight, pious, and relatively democratic communities of small family farms A homogeneous world compared to most southern colonies 2. Anglicans built plantations along the coast Where they lorded over a labor force of black slaves Looked down upon the poor white farmers who settled the backcountry 3. Diversity reigned in middle colonies Well-to-do merchants put their stamp on New York City In the countryside sprawling estates were interspersed with modest homesteads 4.Within Individual colonies, conflicts festered over economic Interests, ethnic rivalries, ND religious practices 5. All the clashes made it difficult for colonists to imagine that they were a single people with a common density c) General issues that led colonists to rebel against Brittany 1. The stable arrangement between the colonists and Brittany began to crumble, a victim of the Imperial rivalry between France and Br ittany 2. Once the French were driven from the North American continent, the colonists no longer needed the British for protection 3.The British government made the choice of imposing taxes on colonies that had been accustomed to answering mainly to their win colonial assemblies 4. Issues of taxation, self-rule, and trade restrictions brought the crisis of Imperial authority to a head II. The Shaping of North America: Major geographical features and the importance of the Great Ice Age a) The Rockies, the Sierra Nevada, and Coast Ranges – â€Å"American Mountains† b) The continent was anchored In its Northeastern corner by the massive Canadian Shield c) The â€Å"tidewater† region creased by many river valleys. Loped gently upward to the timeworn ridges of the Appalachians d) â€Å"Roof of America† – the land fell off Jaggedly onto the intermediation Great Basin e) The valleys of Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and the Willamette- Peugeot Sound tr ough seamed the Interiors of present-day California, Oregon, and Washington f) When the glaciers finally retreated, they left the North American landscape transformed g) The weight of the ice mantle had depressed the level of the Canadian Shield h) The melting ice had scoured away the shield's topsoil, pitting its rocky surface with thousands of shallow depressions into which the melting glaciers flowed to form lakes l) Deprived of both Inflow and ranging, the giant lake became a gradually shrinking Inland sea. It grew Increasingly saline, slowly evaporated, and left an arid, mineral-rich desert Ill. Peopling the FIFO a) How the ancestors of the American Indians Journeyed to America and why 1 .Some Early peoples may have reached the Americas in crude boats but most probably came by land 2. As the sea level dropped, it exposed a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America 3. Probably following migratory herds of game, ventured small bands of nomadic Asian hunters b) Evidence th at Indians of Central and South America were advanced 1 . Over the centuries they split into countless tribes, evolved more than 2,000 separate languages, and developed many diverse religions, cultures, and ways of life 2. Their advanced agricultural practices, based primarily on the cultivation of maize 3. These peoples built elaborate cities and carried on far-flung commerce 4.Talented mathematicians, they made strikingly accurate astronomical observations 5. The Aztec sought the favor of the gods by offering human sacrifices Cutting out the hearts of he chests of living victims, who were often captives conquered in battle IV. The Earliest Americans a) Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilizations in Mexico and South America b) The Nazis built an elaborate pueblo of more than six hundred interconnected rooms c) Maize, strains of beans, and squash made possible â€Å"three-sister† farming, with beans grow ing on the trellis of cornstalks and squash covering the planting mounds to retain moisture in the soil 1 .This produced some of the highest population densities on the continent d) In the northeastern woodlands, the Iroquois Confederacy plopped the political and organizational skills to sustain a robust military alliance that menaced its neighbors e) The native peoples of North America were living in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements f) Women tended to the crops, while men hunted, fished, gathered fuel, and cleared fields for planting g) The Native Americans had neither the desire nor the means to manipulate nature aggressively, they revered the physical world and endowed nature with spiritual properties V. Indirect Discoverers of the New World a) Probably the first Europeans to â€Å"discover† America Blond-bearded Norse seafarers room Scandinavia, who had chanced upon the northeastern shoulder of North America – however, no strong nation-state, yearning to expand, supported these venturesome voyagers. Their flimsy settlements consequently were soon abandoned, and their discovery was forgotten b) Christian Crusaders – European warriors who indirectly discovered America because of Rupee's craving for exotic goods VI.Europeans Enter Africa – Setting the Stage for the â€Å"Discovery' of America a) Marco Polo: an Italian adventurer; he must be regarded as an indirect discoverer of he New World, for his book, with its description of rose- tinted pearls and golden pagodas, stimulated European desires for a cheaper route to the treasures of the East b) The Portuguese not only developed the caravel, but they had discovered that they could return to Europe by sailing northwesterly from the African coast toward the Azores, where the prevailing westward breezes would carry them home c) The participants of the earliest African slave trade were Arab flesh merchants and Africans themselves. 1 . Slave brokers deliberately separated persons from the same rib's and mixed unlike people together to frustrate organized resistance d) Portuguese: they built their own systematic traffic in slaves to work the sugar 1. Bartholomew Aids rounded the southernmost tip of the â€Å"Dark Continent† 2. Vases dad Gamma finally reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of Jewels and spices VI'.Columbus Comes upon a New World a) In Spain, a modern national state was taken shape, with the unity, wealth and power to shoulder the formidable tasks of discovery, conquest, and colonization b) The renaissance in the fourteenth century nurtured an ambitious spirit of optimism ND adventure – printing presses facilitated the spread of scientific knowledge. The mariner's compass eliminated some of the uncertainties odd sea travel c) Columbus' voyages to America 1. Where in America? – An island in the Bahamas 2. Columbus was a â€Å"successful failure† because when seeking a new water rou te to the fabled Indies, he in fact bumped into an enormous land barrier blocking the ocean pathway d) Columbus' discovery convulsed four continents: Europe, Africa, and the Americas which emerged and interdependent global economic system 1 . Europe provided the markets, the capital, and the technology 2. Africa furnished the labor 3. The New World offered its raw materials VIII.When Worlds Collide: â€Å"Columbian Exchange† a) Europeans found iguanas and rattlesnakes along with tobacco, beans, maize, tomatoes, and potatoes – eventually revolutionized the international economy as well as the European diet b) The Europeans brought cattle, swine, horses, sugarcane, and the seeds of Kentucky Bluegrass, dandelions, and daisies – the Native Americans adopted the horse, transforming their cultures into highly mobile, wide-ranging hunter societies c) The Europeans brought smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria to the New World, which would quickly devastate the Native Ame ricans. The disease syphilis was brought to the Old World. This had injected the sexually transmitted disease into Europe for the first time. ‘X. The Spanish Conquistadors a) Treaty of Tortillas – divided the â€Å"heathen lands† of the New World between Portugal and Spain b) Important Spanish Explorers 1. Vases Nuke Balboa hailed as the discoverer of the pacific ocean 2. Ferdinand Magellan completed the first circumnavigation of the globe 3. Juan Pence De Leon explored Florida 4.Francisco Coronado went from Arizona to Kansas, while discovering the Grand Canyon and massive herds of Bison 5. Hernandez De Sotto discovered and crossed the Mississippi River 6. Francisco Pizzeria crushed the Incas of Peru and added a huge hoard of booty to Spanish coffers c) Because of the Spanish conquests, the world economy was transformed – it led to more money in Europe which led to the spread of commerce and manufacturing d) Encomia system – it allowed the governmen t to â€Å"commend† or give, Indians to certain colonists in return to try to Christianize them X. The Conquest of Mexico language of the powerful Aztec rulers of the great empire in the highlands of centralMexico b) Cortes' incentive was that he only wanted gold c) Mastectomy believed that Cortes was the god Sequestrate d) Ethnocentric – it amazed the Spanish because of how large and beautiful it was: with 300,000 inhabitants spread over ten square miles; it was surrounded floating gardens odd extraordinary beauty e) Enoch Tries: (Sad Night) the Aztec attacked, driving the Spanish down the causeways from Ethnocentric in a frantic, bloody retreat f) Impact of conquest of Aztec: 1. – : Native population of Mexico decreased rapidly due to disease 2. +: Crops and animals were brought to the Americas as well as language, laws, customs, and religion g) Did De la Razz – the birthday off wholly new race of people X'.Spanish Conquistadors (â€Å"Makers of Americ a†) a) Conquistadores were nobles – about half were professional soldiers and sailors; the rest were peasants, artisans, and members of the middling class b) Personal motives – some wanted royal titles and favors, others wanted to ensure God's favor, some hoped to escape dubious pasts, and some Just wanted adventure c) Conquistadores were armed with horses and gunpowder, as well as preceded by asses; this helped them overpower the Indians d) Most conquistadores did not strike it rich because even if an expedition captured exceptionally rich booty, it was not divided evenly e) Messiest – the â€Å"new race† formed a cultural and a biological bridge between Latin America's European and Indian races XII. The Spread of Spanish America a) The upstart English sent John Callout to explore the northeastern coast of North America b) Jacques Carrier Journeyed hundreds of miles up the SST.Lawrence River c) With the intention of protection, the Spanish began to fortify and settle in the North American borderlands d) In the Battle of Coma in 1599, the Spanish severed one foot of each survivor e) During the Pope's Rebellion in 1680, the pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed a score of priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers f) Father Junipers Sera founded at San Diego the first of a chain of twenty-one missions g) The â€Å"Black Legend† – means killing for Christ: the authors describe it as a false concept. They say that despite the mass killings, the Spanish did so many other good things that the good out weighs the bad.

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 6

Because there's no point. She's as good as dead already.† Jeanne's expression was as hard andclosedas it had been in the beginning. â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"Can't you see? She'd slow us down. There's noway she could run without help. And besides that,P.J. says she's blind.† Blind. A new little shock went though Maggie.What would that be like, to be in this situation andsick and blind on top of it? She tugged on the girl's shoulder gently, tryingto see the averted face. But she's beautiful. The girl had smooth skin the color of coffee with cream, delicate features, high cheekbones, perfectlips. Her black hair was pulled into a loose, glossyknot on her neck. Her eyes were shut, long eye lashes tremblingas if she were dreaming. It was more than just the physical features,though. There was a serenity about this girl's face,a gentleness and stillness that was †¦ unique. â€Å"Hey, there,† Maggie said softly. â€Å"Can you hearme? I'm Maggie. What's your name?† The girl's eyelashes fluttered; her lips parted. ToMaggie's surprise, she murmured something. Maggie had to lean down close to catch it. â€Å"Arcadia?† she repeated. It was a strange name; she wasn't sure she'd heard right. The girl seemed to nod, murmuring again. She can hear me, Maggie thought. She canrespond. â€Å"Okay. Can I call you Cady? Listen to me, Cady.†Maggie shook the girl's shoulder slightly. â€Å"We're ina bad place but we're going to try to escape. If we help you out, do you think you can run?† Again, the eyelashes fluttered. Then the eyesopened. Doe eyes, Maggie thought, startled. They wereextraordinarily large and clear, a warm brown withan inner radiance. And they might be blind, butMaggie had the oddest sensation that she had justbeen seen more clearly than ever before in her life. â€Å"I'll try,† Cady murmured. She sounded dazedand in pain, but quietly rational. â€Å"Sometimes I feelstrong for a little while.† She pushed herself up. Maggie had to help her get into a sitting position. She's tall. But she's pretty light†¦and I've gotgood muscles. I can support her. â€Å"What are you doing?†Jeanne said in a voice thatwas not just harsh and impatient but horrified. â€Å"Don't you see? You're only making it worse. You should just have let her sleep.† Maggie glanced up. â€Å"Look. I don't know whatyou're thinking, but we can't leave anybody with them. How would you like to be left behind if itwas you?† Jeanne's face changed. For a moment, she lookedmore like a savage animal than a girl. â€Å"I'd understand,† she snarled. â€Å"Because that's the way it has to be. It's the law of the jungle, here. Only strongpeople survive. The weak ones †¦ .†She shook her head. â€Å"They're better off dead. And the faster youlearn that, the more chance you'll have.† Maggie felt a spurt of horror and anger-and,fear. Because Jeanne clearly knew the most about this place, and Jeanne might be right. They mightall get caught because of one weak person who wouldn't make it anyway†¦. She turned and looked at the lovely face again.Arcadia was Miles's age, eighteen or nineteen. And although she seemed to hear what Jeanne was say ing-she'd turned her face that way-she didn'tspeak or argue. She didn't lose her still gentleness, either. I can't leave her. What if Miles is alive but hurtsomewhere, and somebody won't help him? Maggie shot a glance at P.J. in her baseball cap.She was young-she might be able to take care ofherself, but that was all. â€Å"Look, this isn't your problem,† she finally saidto Jeanne. â€Å"You just help P.J. get away safe, okay?You take care of her, and III be responsible for Cady.† â€Å"You'll be caught with Cady,† Jeanne said flatly.†Don't worry about it.† â€Å"I'm not. And I'm telling you right now; I'm notgoing to help you if you get in trouble.† â€Å"I don't want you to,† Maggie said. She lookedright into Jeanne's angry eyes. â€Å"Really. I don't wantto wreck your chances, okay? But I'm not going toleave her.† Jeanne looked furious for another moment; thenshe shrugged. All the emotion drained from herface as if she were deliberately distancing herself.The bond she and Maggie had shared for that brief moment was severed. She turned, looked through a crack behind her,then turned back. â€Å"Fine,† she said in a dull, indifferent tone. â€Å"Whatever you're going to do, you'd better get ready todo it now. Because the place is coming right up.† â€Å"Ready?† Maggie said. They were all standing-or crouching, actually,since there wasn't room to straighten up-withtheir backs against the walls of the cart. Jeanneand P.J. on one side, Maggie on the other, with Cady in the corner. â€Å"When I say go, you guys jump over here. Thenall of us throw ourselves back that way,† Maggie whispered. Jeanne was peering out of the crack. â€Å"Okay, thisis it,† she said. â€Å"Now.† Maggie said,†Go!† She had been a little worried that P.J. would freeze. But the moment the word was out of Maggie's mouth, Jeanne launched herself across thecart, crashing heavily into her, and P.J. followed. ThecartrockedsurprisinglyhardandMaggieheard the groan of wood. â€Å"Back!† she yelled, and everybody lunged the other way. Maggie hit a solid wall and knew shewould have bruises, but the cart rocked again. â€Å"Come on!† she yelled, and realized that they were all already coming on, throwing themselvesto the other side in perfect sync. It was as if someflocking instinct had taken over and they were all three moving as one, throwing their weight alter nately back and forth. And the cart was responding, grinding to a halt and lurching off balance. It was like one of thoseparty tricks where five or six people each use only two fingers to lift someone on a chair. Their combined force was impressive. But not enough to tip the cart over. It was surprisingly well-balanced. And at any minute, Maggie realized, the people driving it were going to jumpout and put a stop to it. â€Å"Everybody-come on! Really hard! Really hard!†She was yelling as if she were encouraging her soccer team. â€Å"We've got to do it, now.† She launched herself at the other side as the cartbegan to sway that way, jumping as highas shecould, hitting the wallas it reached the farthestpoint of its rock. She could feel the other girlsflinging themselves with her, she could hear Jeanne giving a primal yell as she crashed into the wood. And then there was a splintering sound, amazingly loud, amazingly long. A sort of groaning and shrieking that came from the wood itself, and aneven louder scream of panic that Maggie realizedmust have come from the horses. The whole world was,Run, Maggie thought. Stop looking now. Run. She ran into the forest, dragging Cady with her. They had to find a place to hide – underbrush or something. Maybe they could climb a tree†¦. But one look at Cady and she realized how stupid thatidea was. The smooth skin of the girl's facewas clammy and luminous with sweat, her eyeswere half shut, and her chest was heaving. At least Jeanne and P.J. got away, Maggiethought. Just then there was a crashing behind her, and a voice cursing. Maggie threw another glance backand found herself staring at a man's figure in the mist. A scary man. The mist swirling behind him madehim look eerie, supernatural, but it was more thanthat. He was huge,with shouldersasbroad as a two-by-four, a massive chest, and heavily muscledarms. His waist was surprisingly narrow. His face was cruel. â€Å"Gavin! I've got two of them!† he shouted.Maggie didn't wait to hear more. She took offlike a black-tailed deer. And for a long time after that it was just a nightmare of running and being chased, stopping sometimes when she couldn't hold Cady up anymore, looking for places to hide. At one point, she andCady were pressed together inside a hollow tree,trying desperately to get their breath back withoutmaking a sound, when their pursuers passed right by them. Maggie heard the crunch and squish offootsteps on ferns and started praying. She couldfeel Cady's heart beating hard, shaking them both, she realized that Cady's lips were moving soundlessly. Maybe she's praying, too, Maggie thought,t, andapplied her eye to a crack in the tree. There were two people there, horribly close, justa few feet away. One was the man she'd seen before he was doing something bizarre, somethingthat sent chills up her spine. He was turning his face this way and that with his eyes shut, his head twisting on a surprisingly long and supple neck. As if he's smellingus out, Maggie thought, horrified. Eyes still shut, the man said, â€Å"Do you sense anything?† â€Å"No. I can't feel them at all. And I can't see them,with these trees for cover.† It was a younger manwho spoke, a boy really. He must be Gavin, Maggiethought. Gavin had dark blond hair, a thin nose, a sharp chin. His voice was impatient. â€Å"I can't feel them either,† the big man said flatly,refusing to be hurried. â€Å"And that's strange. Theycan't have gotten too far away. They must beblocking us.† â€Å"I don't care what they're doing,† Gavin said.†We'd better get them back fast. It's not like theywere ordinary slaves. If we don tdeliver that maiden we're dead. You're dead, Bern.† Maiden? Maggie thought. I guess in a placewhere they have slaves it's not weird to talk aboutmaidens. But which girl does he mean? Not me;I'm not important. â€Å"We'll get her back,† Bern was saying. â€Å"We'd better,† Gavin said viciously. â€Å"Or I'm goingto tell her that it was your fault. We were supposedto make sure this didn't happen.† â€Å"It hasn't happened yet,† Bern said. He turned onhis heel and walked into the mist. Gavin staredafter him for a moment, and then followed. Maggie let out her breath. She realized that Cady's lips had stopped moving. â€Å"Let's go,† she whispered, and took off in the opposite direction to the one the men had gone. Then there was a time of endless running andpausing and listening and hiding. The forest was aterrible place. Around them was eerie twilight,made even spookier by the mist that lay in hollowsand crept over fallen trees. Maggie felt as if she were in some awful fairy tale. The only good thingwas that the dampness softened their footsteps,making it hard to track them. But it was so quiet. No ravens, no gray jays. No deer. Just the mist and the trees, going on forever.And then it ended. Maggie and Cady suddenly burst out into an-.other meadow. Maggie gavea frantic glancearound, looking for shelter. Nothing. The mist was thinner here, she could see that there were no trees ahead, only an outcrop of rocks. Maybe we should double back†¦. But the voices were shouting in the forest behind them. Above the rocks was a barren ledge. It lookedlike the end of a path, winding the other way down the mountain. If we could get there, we'd be safe, Maggiethought. We could be around the corner in a minute, and out of sight. Dragging Cady, she headed for the rocks. Theydidn't belong here; they were huge granite boulders deposited by some ancient glacier. Maggie clambered up the side of one easily, then leaned down. â€Å"Give me your hand,† she said rapidly. â€Å"There sa path up above us, but we've got to climb a little.† Cady looked at her. Or-not looked, Maggie supposed. But she turned her face toward Maggie, and once again Maggie had the odd feeling that those blind eyescould somehow see better than most people's. â€Å"You should leave me,† Cady said. â€Å"Don't be stupid,† Maggie said. â€Å"Hurry up, giveme your hand.† Cady shook her head. â€Å"You go,† she said quietly.She seemed completely rational-and absolutely exhausted. She hadn't lost the tranquility whichhad infused her from the beginning, but now itseemed mixed with a gentle resignation. Her fineboned face was drawn with weariness. â€Å"I`ll justslow you down. And if I stay here, you'll have moretime to get away.† â€Å"I'm not going to leave you!† Maggie snapped.†Come on!† Arcadia remained for just a second, her faceturned up to Maggie's, then her clear and luminousbrown eyes filled. Her expression was one of inexpressible tenderness. Then she shook her headslightly and grabbed Maggie's hand-very accurately. Maggie didn't waste. time. She climbed as fastasshe could, pulling Cady, rapping out breathless instructions. But the delay had cost them. She could hear the men getting nearer. And when she reached the far end of the pile ofboulders she saw something that sent shock waves through her system. She was looking up a barren cliff face. There wasno connection from the rocks to the ledge above.And below her, the hillside dropped off steeply, ahundred feet down into a gorge. She'd led Cady right into a trap. There was nowhere else to go.

Nature of Human Resource Management: Hiring and Recruiting

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION In the present time, Organization’s most important assets are its people i. e. Employees. These employees are the foundation on which the organization stands strong; without the human power to perform certain tasks, to produce, to operate, to analyze, etc no organization can live. Although the modern technologies have made a lot things much easier but nothing can replace the significance of the Human Resources. Therefore, Hiring is a very challenging, time consuming and costly function of the company.But what’s even harder – especially in today’s chaotic economic situation is, â€Å"Making the right Hire†. Recruiting and Selection is all about â€Å"hiring the right person for the right job at the right time. † Even a single wrong hire can affect the operations of the business and can cost the firm a fortune. In order to avoid making a bad hire, HR managers must carefully conduct and analyze the Human Resource P lanning (HRP) process. HRP is a process used by the organizations to ensure that it has right amount and kind of people to fulfill its particular goals in future.This is done by forecasting the Labor Demand for future and matching it with the forecasted Labor Supply of the firm. Organizations that do not conduct HRP or don not perform HRP properly may not be able to meet their future labor shortage or may have to resort to layoffs due to labor surplus. Even though hiring the right people with right skills is very protracted and difficult process but Human capital is a substantial investment and even a single mistake can put financial burden on the firm. The pace at which a business moves from survival mode to growth paths is largely dependent on the successful hiring of the correct employees.The prosperity of the business not only depends on hiring good people but hiring extremely talented people with the right skills for any particular job. Following are some useful tips for hiring right people for the right job: * Develop a detailed Job Description; identify the key responsibilities, functions and expectations for the position under question. * Design a careful Job Specification; specify the skills, requirements, experience and knowledge required for the position under question. * Use internal or external labor market to find adequate number of potential candidates * Conduct the Screening process wisely and horoughly in order to find valuable information regarding competitive salaries, intelligence and the working standards. * Try to use structured interview process to select the best possible candidates * Check references provided by the candidates, verify their degrees and other information provided by them and find out about their past working behaviors by contacting their ex boss or subordinates * After hiring, make the new hire welcomed and make him/her understand the culture of the organization through Orientation. Opening CasePAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION A UTHORITY Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority is a Public sector autonomous body working under the Federal Government of Pakistan through the Ministry of Defence. It was established on 7th December, 1982 as an autonomous body. Prior to its creation, a Civil Aviation Department in the Ministry of Defence used to manage the civil aviation related activities. The day of 7th December has significance, as it coincides with the date of creation of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1944 as a result of the famous Chicago Convention.Incidentally, the United Nations have declared 7th December as the International Civil Aviation day and celebrated as such every year all over the World. All kinds of Civil Aviation related activities are performed by CAA including the regulatory, air traffic services, airport management, infrastructure and commercial development at the airports, etc. Recently, Civil Aviation Authority underwent Restructuring and Change Management process to meet t he present and future challenges.This organizational transformation process identified Structure, Culture, Skills, and Rewards as four tracks on which simultaneous emphasis is being laid. The Vision, Mission, and Core Values have been identified. Wide-angle buy-in process by CAA senior management with staff and lower levels for bridging communication gaps between different hierarchical levels of the organization has been taken. As a result of the Restructuring process, the fundamental organization structure has been balanced to focus on three core areas namely Regulatory, Air Navigations Services, and Airport Services.These Core / Line functions are fully supported by the various corporate functions of the organization. The restructuring process has helped Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority to fully focus on:- * Strengthening its safety and security oversight role as per International Civil Aviation Organization requirements and standards. * To facilitate growth of the infrastructure development (Airports and Airport Cities) on a fast-track basis. Private sector participation in the process is also being encouraged. Enhanced Regulatory and air space management capabilities. Moreover, emphasis is being laid on commercialization of its assets and land with improved customer / passenger service standards, benchmarked with top performing international airports * Development of a New Aviation Policy for the country in consultation with the Ministry of Defence, Planning Commission, World Bank, Airlines, and Aviation Experts (Expected to be considered by the Cabinet for approval shortly). Investing in Human resource development through structured approach with particular focus on quality of people and enhancing their professional capability. Quality work on new initiatives is in progress such as introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Health, Security, Safety, and Environment (HSSE), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ethics Management Program, Custome r feedback mechanism at the airports, Employees Performance Management system, benchmarking, outsourcing of non-core and wasteful activities, etc.Recently, we have embarked upon a challenging phased program to acquire international standards of Integrated Management System (IMS) in CAA during which the international standards of ISO 9001:2000 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental Management System), and OHSAS 18001:2007 (Occupational Health and Safety Management System) shall be acquired. VISION STATEMENT â€Å"Be world-class service provider in the aviation industry† MISSION STATEMENT â€Å"Provide safe, secure and efficient best-in-class aviation services to the stakeholders† CORE VALUES * Commitment * Professional Excellence * Customer Focus Safety and Security * Integrity ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE PCAA MANAGEMENT BOARD Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority is administered by the Board which performs tasks like policy formulation, execution, monitori ng and evaluation. The board is being assisted in different administrative and financial issues by the number of sub committees namely PCCA Executive Committee, PCAA Audit Committee and HR Committee. PCAA BOARD PCAA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PCAA AUDIT COMMITTEE HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF PCAA The HR department of PCAA is still under the developing process as it was formed only three years ago.Prior to the formation of the HR department there was an ‘Administrative Department’ which use to manage all the activities; finance, accounts, hiring and selection, employee record keeping, audit, etc. Even though the HR department is not completely established, PCAA HR is making pretty good efforts for fostering a prosperous corporate culture and developing organizational capabilities by designing an effective and efficient workforce who remains devoted towards the company. The head of the HR department is the Chief HR who is in Pay Group of 11. He is appointed by DG CAA (Director G eneral).Directorate of human resource delivers high quality of management services from manpower. HR supports the line function/directorates to achieve strategic goals of PCAA. HR directorates have five branches which perform different functions. Each Branch has different head called General Manager (GM) which then reports to chief HR for approval. Following are the branches of the HR Department of PCAA: * HR Employee Relation and Record Management (EM & RM) * HR Recruiting and Selecting (R & S) * HR Career Planning and Performance Measurement (CP & PM) * HR Pension * HR Training and Development (T&D)This report only discusses the HR Recruiting and Selection branch. The HR policies and strategies are formulated and designed in a way to develop a unified, stable and fair working environment for every single employee so that they perform in the best way they can. Moreover, every employee is provided with opportunities to learn and grow. HR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART RECRUITING AND SELECTION AT PCAA The Recruiting and Selection branch is responsible for attracting the potential candidates for any present or future vacant positions; it plans and provides employees with the right skills for the right job.Similarly, the branch also deals with the employee layoffs in case an employee is not performing up to the mark or is indulged in wrong working practices and sometimes the layoffs result due to labor surplus. This branch first seeks approval for any new hire for a post or layoffs from Director General. Before starting the Hiring and Selection process, the HR first conducts Human Resource Planning to find out about its labor demand and analysis. But the HRP process is performed in depth. After the discovering the human resource requirements through HRP the Recruiting and Selection process is started.PCAA Recruiting and Selection Process Human Resource Planning The present working environment has become extremely competitive for every business. People are now open to a gre at deal of opportunities and they are also well informed about the market place; candidates know the standard working practices and salary being paid by the various employers in an industry. Therefore, employees have become less loyal to the companies in general; if they are not satisfied or happy with their employer or subordinates then they don’t hesitate to switch to some other company.Keeping this trend in mind, PCAA HR performs a simple demand and supply analysis for its labor force. Demand Forecasting Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority uses a very simple method for forecasting the labor demand i. e. RATIO ANALYSIS. The method simply compares the ratio of the employees to CAA units with the expected number of employees for each job. Below is a sample table which demonstrates how the demand forecasting is done in PCAA. Column A shows the current number of employees holding the existing key positions in the firm. Column B calculates the present ratio of employees to PCCA un its.Column C calculates the expected number of employees for each job position in 2012 by multiplying the current ratio of employees to PCAA units by 32 (additional number of firms to be added). This is a Quantitative technique. Supply Forecasting Once the demand analysis is done the next step is to do labor supply forecasting. The labor requirements are fulfill either through Judgmental techniques. PCAA uses Executive Reviews; Top Management makes judgments about who should be promoted, reassigned or fired, and Vacancy analysis; judgments are made about likely employee movementsKey Positions| DEMAND FORECAST ANumber of Employees2010| BRatio ofEmployees/CAA Units(Col A/25)| Projected 2012 laborDemand for 32 Firms(Col B x 32)| Secretary Ministerof Defense| 25| 1. 00| 32| Vice Chief of Air Staff| 9| 0. 36| 12| Secretary Planning and Development division| 23| 0. 92| 29| Managing Director PIAC| 20| 0. 80| 26| Director General CAA| 14| 0. 56| 18| Deputy Director General| 22| 0. 88| 28| C hief HR| 25| 1. 00| 32| Chief Financial Officer| 20| 0. 80| 26| General Manager| 45| 1. 80| 58| Director Technical| 27| 1. 08| 35| TOTAL| 230| | 296| RecruitingRecruiting is the process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for a particular job. The firm must announce the job’s availability to the market (inside or outside the organization) and attract qualified candidates to apply. First of all the Recruiting and Selecting branch obtains the detail information about the vacant positions from the respective departments (such as finance, Operations, etc). This is explained in Job Description and Job Specification. However, if the vacancy exists for any HR position then HR develops the job description and job specification.Once all the relevant information is gathered then the job vacancies are announced to the general public through posting the news on their website and newspapers. The internal employees are also informed about the job vacancies through announcements, o fficial emails or office notice board. This is a newspaper ad: PCAA HR department receives job applications within 30 days of the publication of the advertisements (as per the mentioned date in the ads). All the job applications are carefully analyzed and scrutinized and then a certain amount of candidates are short-listed who are eligible for giving the written test.The HR (R&S) then forwards the list of selected candidates to National Testing Service (NTS). Written Test For ensuring transparency and upholding the motto of Merit, PCAA has outsourced its written test examination to a third party National Testing Service (NTS). This decision was made during the Executive Committee Meeting held on 27th July, 2007 as proprietary to conduct all type of written test on behalf of HR (R&S) branch. NTS carries out the written test once it receives the names of the short-listed candidates form HR (R&S).NATIONAL TESTING SERVICE (NTS) NTS is an organization who provides services for conducting academic performance evaluation tests which was formed in July 2002. Following are the test standards that NTS follows for all of its tests. * Developmental procedures * Suitability for use * Customer service * Fairness * Uses and protection of information * Validity * Assessment development * Reliability * Cut scores, scaling, and equating * Assessment administration * Reporting assessment results * Assessment use * Test Takers' rights and responsibilitiesAfter the test is conducted NTS compiles the results and announces them on their websites as well as forward them to HR (R;S) of PCAA. Then HR (R;S) branch is responsible for the development of merit list and issuance of interview call letter to top five candidates as per quota share given below: MERIT QUOTA| PERCENTAGES| PUNJAB| 50%| SINDH| 19%| SINDH (rural)| 11. 4%| SINDH (urban)| 7. 6%| NWFP| 11. 5%| BALOCHISTAN| 6%| AZAD KASHMIR| 2%| WOMEN | 10%| NON-MUSLIMS| 5%| DISABLE| 2%| Interview The candidates who made to the merit li st are called for the final phase of the Recruiting and Selection process i. . Interview. The interview can be conducted at five centers namely Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore, Quetta and Peshawar. The Administration instructs the Airport Managers for making arrangements for the candidates. After interview, HR (R;S) branch compiles the result domicile vise by taking the weight-age of 60% of Written Test and 40% of Interview. INTERVIEW SELECTION BOARD Employee Verification Organizations should not hire people before verifying their documentations and past work behavior; even if they performed excellent in the written test or interview.HR (R;S), in order to predict the future performance of a prospective employee, looks at the Past Employment Record of their prospective candidates. Most of the companies do not provide any kind of job-related information about their ex employees due to fear of insult. But checking employee’s references is a best way for PCAA to avoid negligent hire. Another method used by HR (R;S) branch to do employee verification is to do Background Checks. This includes criminal background checks, verification of degrees, credit history, etc.Background checks help PCAA to avoid any lawsuit resulting due to a negligent hiring. Selection When the prospective employees pass the verification step they are hired. An appointment letter is issued in the name of the employee by the PCAA HR (R;S) branch. The new hires are given a date and time for the Orientation. Training Once the Orientation is conducted the new hires of non-technical posts (e. g. Financial Officer, Accountant, etc) is required to join PCAA from the very next day. But the new hires of technical posts (e. g.Engineers) are send to Civil Aviation Training Institute (CATI) Hyderabad for training. The duration of the training varies from four to six weeks depending upon the nature of the job. Evaluation of the Recruiting and Selection Process PCAA HR(R;S) branch doesn’t use any p roper method of evaluating their Recruiting and Selection process. They simply see the performance of the new hires and see if their decision of hiring a particular employee was correct or not. Hiring and Keeping the Right People Case Study By: Rich Kramarik We have a couple of stories to share with you this month.The first is an accounting firm. This firm has 8 employees and revenues of three million dollars. This firm had been experiencing a problem with turn-over. The CEO was using good interview techniques and involved other members of the firm in the interview process. In a couple of cases clients were used to interview the candidates. This firm was using every bit of good judgment and process to screen candidates. But, yet they experience a high level of turnover. The reasons were all over the map. In one case the new hire just was not as productive as expected.In another case the new hire just didn’t get along with clients. And, in yet another case the new hire was ver y argumentative with other employees. We worked with this CEO and could not find any substantive changes that we thought would help. We started looking at how new employees were introduced into the firm and how they were trained and supported. We found that the nature of the business was the problem. This firm did contract accounting services and by the nature of the business new hires were out of the office and working in the client offices immediately after hiring on.Through interviews we discovered that the employees were uncomfortable and felt disconnected as they â€Å"got thrown to the wolves. †Ã‚   We work with the CEO and new support plans and work procedures were implemented. As new employees came on board, they were assigned a â€Å"buddy† who worked with them at the client location half the time. This helped the new hire get comfortable with both the client and accounting firm. The â€Å"buddy† was also responsible to â€Å"train† the new hire in the office for two weeks before the new hire went out to client locations.This was not dead time, but rather on the job training working on client work but at the accounting firm’s office. The CEO also implemented one-on-one coaching sessions with new hires that were held on a weekly basis for the first 90 days of employment. These coaching sessions were to help orient the new hire to the company culture and they were used by the CEO as a safety valve or venting session. The CEO found these coaching session invaluable in helping both of them to resolve issues before they got out of control and became commitment reducing concerns.The result of the new approach is that the CEO has not lost a new hire for nine months now. This is retention that is already longer than the past experiences. A second situation is an engineering firm with 20 employees and ten million dollars in revenues. The CEO said he was loosing his employees to competitive firms. He said he was tired of train ing new hires and then loosing them. With the permission of the CEO we interviewed several employees – both new hire and long term employees. We found some interesting environmental facts that pointed to the problem.We heard that employee expectations were not being met. The employees felt that they didn’t have adequate equipment and materials to perform their work. They also felt that there was disparity from employee to employee in the quality and capabilities of the equipment that the company made available to employees. We heard that employee assignments were constantly changing and that client demands often were accepted by management and the implications were longer work hours and lost family time. We heard much more, but this is enough of an example to show the problem.These items alone point to a poor work environment, but that was not the problem. These employees said that during the hire interview process the CEO made statements that led the new hires to beli eve they would have state of the art equipment. They said that the CEO said they had a culture of working a 40 hour work week. These employees also said that they had talked to friends who were working in other companies and that the environment was much better. The CEO said that demands from clients and fear of loosing business were driving some of his actions.He also said that poor revenues lately were impacting his ability to spend on equipment. Our CEO was also surprised to hear that his competitors were providing a better work environment. We helped this CEO implement some changes that have helped with his attrition problem. He did some work to script his interview questions and comments about the company. This helped him avoid his enthusiastic descriptions about the company that tended to overstate the real situation. We helped him put plans in place to stage the purchase of new equipment. He was able to schedule work hours in taggered sessions that allowed some sharing of the new equipment. The biggest change the CEO made was to share more information with the company employees on the business environment and to implement a more open listening style. This CEO is working hard to change these company culture issues and the results so fare is that he has not lost any employees since he started this new focus. In summary, our clients are getting our help to get their focus on working â€Å"on their business† rather than working â€Å"in their business† and when they do – they find excellent results.

The Parable of the Sahdu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Parable of the Sahdu - Essay Example Parable of the Sadhu began with the multi-ethnic and multi-national group of expert mountain climbers who want to reach the top of Mount Everest. One group member who is a part of the New Zealand group of mountaineers discovered the sadhu (an Indian holy man that practices yoga or an ascetic or a mystic) to be lying in the snow almost naked and near death already due to hypothermia (loss of body heat due to the cold). He brought this Indian man to the group to which the author Bowen H. McCoy belonged to so they can take care of him. He was in a hurry to rejoin his group that is already far ahead in the mountains. Members of the group of McCoy gave their food and clothing to the Sadhu so he can recover his strength. The four members of a Swiss group also helped to keep the man warm. The group of the Japanese climbers refused to lend their horse for transporting the Sadhu down the mountains to the next nearest village. The local porters carried the man instead but only half-way to the village and left the sadhu to cover the rest of the way to the village which they pointed out to him. No one in the group had bothered to ask the sadhu why he was there in the place or if he had really wanted to die (McCoy 12). No one also knew whether the sadhu eventually lived or not. The moral of the story is that people will often act differently when confronted with a situation that requires moral judgment. In this parable, each group of climbers found a reason to help the sadhu but only partially, because each had a higher goal of reaching the mountains peak before the snow steps will melt and make reaching the summit almost impossible. Each person was confronted with an ethical dilemma: whether to continue on with their journey or help out the sadhu and get delayed and probably never reach the mountains peak anymore. At issue in this story is no individual or group was willing to accept responsibility for the sadhu. Many of us as professionals will encounter similar

Windows Directory Services Proposal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Windows Directory Services Proposal - Term Paper Example In addition, it simplifies the interactions amongst every hierarchy levels with in the organization. Since communication and connectivity are perhaps the most vital services to the operation of Initech, mitigating on possible problem points with them is in the best interest of the Organization. Another benefit it will bring to the company is its high reliability; the enormous strain that has been on the servers will be eliminated. The problem of mergers which have caused disconnection within the organization will also be solved. This will essentially minimize failure points. Other benefits that it has are its high security which will keep user passwords safe and help prevent access by unauthorized users, and low cost. Some of the key features in my design include the Active Directory  Domain Services. It is essential in defining the structure of data and  services that provide management, organization, and security of resources and accounts. It also has an Active Directory forest which contains all the trusts, sites and domains. This acts as an organization’s security boundary, and it defines the administration’s scope of authority. Other features that it has are the time service and source peer, and a clock manager among others. Initech should select my proposal because it touches on and helps to solve all the problems that the organization has been facing over the years. While designing this, I bore in mind the vital concerns that Initech as an organization has been facing. My design also incorporates services, data structure and elements that provide organization, management, and security of accounts and resources which will surely increase productivity in the organization (articles.bplans.co.uk). Forest, domain, OU, and trust configuration In this forest, a two-way, transitive trust association is automatically created between any newly created domain and its parent domain. Trusts are logical associations

Benefits of a Private School Education Research Paper

Benefits of a Private School Education - Research Paper Example According to the research paper "Benefits of a Private School Education" findings, many public schools which are located in affluent areas can be just as focused and just as well funded as private schools; it is in the urban areas where the most differences can be seen. Private schools also generally have fewer incidences of drugs, dropouts, and violence, most possibly due to the increased level of commitment of parents who send their children to private schools to have every advantage. Private schools have far fewer disciplinary issues to contend with, and the number play a very significant role. With fewer students, there are going to be fewer problems, but there are other reasons as well. Since private schools are not required to accept students or retain them, they can simply expel disruptive students. Only those unerringly meeting their standards both academically and behaviorally are benefited to stay. Public schools are not as privileged since public education is considered an entitlement. Further, since parents are aware that they pay for their children’s tuition, then they also play a part in making their children behave and do school work. Students in private schools are more focused on particular projects and school activities because of the diversity in the curriculum and so they tend to become well-balanced individuals. There are far fewer reports of drug abuse and violence per student in private schools. Public schools also tend to deal with students as a whole, rather that on an individual basis.

BaAka Music and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BaAka Music and Culture - Essay Example There also is percussive polyrhythm made by clapping as well as drumming and as they drum, one man sits on the drum, straddling it and the other standing behind him, playing a cross-rhythm with a stick on the side of the drum. In spirit plays involving both sexes, women sing beautifully and dance seductively to the melodies, for everyone to enjoy the euphoria brought about by the spirit. In this technique, voice movement is from the chest to the head and the resultant melody is beautiful. The chest and head voices are also a way of achieving ranging tone colors, from tense to the relaxed form. The dancers taking part in ritual and ceremonial dances are initiated skilled dancers and all members of the BaAka culture are expected to undergo the cultures' initiation; so that the various values and traditions of the land are passed down to them. As the individual is born into this culture, musical skills are inculcated into them and participation of every member is expected. The tradition of the BaAka people is orally transmitted, and the elderly members of the culture have all the information on the origins and writers of various songs. Older people also have the responsibility to teach the young ones in the region as well as members from other regions. Most of the instruments used by the BaAka people are ones borrowed from the Bantus. Depending on the melody and kind of event taking place, this culture uses instruments like drums, including water drums, flutes, a musical bow that is played by women only.

'What More Do They Want' - Service Provision of Refugees and Asylum Essay

'What More Do They Want' - Service Provision of Refugees and Asylum Seekers - Essay Example Accordingly, it is imperative to embark upon an integration project as would successfully lead to the assimilation of this group into the national culture and society. As the research illustrates, integration can best be carried out through the provision of equitable access to public services and the exploitation of these services for the specific purpose of integration. According to the literature on the topic, the education and mental healthcare services are, within the context of the stated, defined as primary integration enablers. Certainly the cost of integration may be quite high but the benefits of successfully integrating refugees and asylum seekers into British society are even higher. Apart from the fact that, as a nation-state, Britain has historically relied on waves of immigration as a means of building itself and, more importantly, strengthening its economy, immigrants bring a wealth of talent, experiences and skills with them as can effectively ensure their functioning as a constructive economic asset (Humphreys, 2001). Despite this, however, Britain’s immigrants, as in her refugees and asylum seekers, are hardly awarded equitable access to essential community services, chief amongst which is education. The implication here is that the country’s refugees and asylum seekers are marginalised and their potential to positively contribute to the nation is severely constrained (Bocker and Havinga, 1998). The consequence, as Hames (2004) notes, is not limited to the fact that asylum seekers and refugees are denied equitable economic, social, political and educational opportunities but, that their marginalisation is leading to the evolution of a  "dual Britannia† (92). Britain’s asylum seekers and refugees, therefore, are not only being denied the realisation of their potential and the country their constructive exploitation as a valuable economic

Wealth distribution in the PRC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wealth distribution in the PRC - Essay Example This meant that there was no competition in the production process. Government ownership of land also led to inefficient production which led to waste of resources. The last one is the economic collapse of 1970s and 1980s which caused economic decline that previously acted as a way of distributing wealth. Unequal wealth distribution is the situation where the gap between the rich and the poor is reasonably large. The World Bank defines poverty as spending less than one dollar per day. This is a situation which is common with most people who are affected by unequal wealth distribution. In china, unequal wealth distribution has caused a number of negative factors in education, housing, transportation, employment, and human rights (Wang 43). Unequal wealth distribution means that the children of the poor parents cannot get a decent education. They thus turn to government school which are often crowded. In these schools, the government is not able to supply enough classes, teachers, and other infrastructure that are needed for a good learning environment. Public schools are also associated with adverse ratios all facilities which mean the children will not get the necessary skills needed to compete in the world. Therefore, the child will end up failing examinations and thus not proceed to the next level of education. At the end of the day, the child is left without education and thus end up poor as his or her parents. Lack of education will then drive the child to do other ill activities such as crime and drug abuse (Gollier 19). The poor are often said to be living in informal settlement in most countries of the world. This is because they cannot afford the necessary material to put up a decent house. They also have no land where they can practice farming and put a decent house. They thus migrate to the urban centres to search for informal jobs. In urban centres, a decent house is very expensive which the poor cannot afford (Zhong et al 25). They

Applied economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied economics - Essay Example ucted to establish the functions of human capital earnings and its impacts on the decomposition of the periodic earnings into linear function forms, in which the log of earnings serve as both the function of schooling measure in terms of years of experience in work and other factors representing heterogeneity within a cross-section sample of people observed, and dependent variables. This simple statistical model has however been faced by some limitations, i.e., biasness in the estimation of returns to education and endogeneity in the schooling variables. As a positively correlated function of the unobserved variable of ability, people with varied ability to work and learn are in most instances a better position to school for longer periods; hence this enhanced ability will have a reflection of higher wages within their occupations. Additionally, existence of a symmetric correlation between any of the independent variables such as schooling and the error term in an OLS regression can consequently lead to bias in the estimates. In this case, effects of ability/heterogeneity have to be random in the sample to avoid positive correlations. Card (1999) explored the causal relationship of education on earnings, and explicitly the study analysed the heterogeneity between schooling of twins in contrast to their earnings. The assumption in the study was that twins would have the same ability and other external influences so that differences in wages could be more accurately associated with differences in education. Card used the pooled sample of men and women standing up to 198,075 aged from 16 – 66 during the years 1994 to 1996. In this given time frame, the study targeted the differences between individuals having 10, 12 and 16 years of schooling to their returns. An OLS regression analysis was used to inspect the human capital earning with variety of hourly, weekly and annual earnings. The study findings explored an interesting impact of an instrumental factor family

Performance at Capone’s Dinner and Show Essay Example for Free

Performance at Capone’s Dinner and Show Essay Here at Capone’s Dinner and Show located in Orlando, you’re bound to have a sensational time. The atmosphere of the whole place is brimmed and overflowing with the magical feel of 1930s Chicago. With the wonderful menu, the gorgeous, sparkling and especially entertaining girls, the old and sentimental and nostalgic ornamentations and so much more, you will definitely get lost in this secret world full of dancing, fun and entertainment. Once you step inside this hidden and undisclosed extraordinary dreamland, you’ll blood will start pumping, your body beats with excitement and you’ll certainly get an adrenaline rush. The lights, the sounds, and even the smell off the 1930s will be a very unique experience and it will be something worth seeing. A night at Capone’s Dinner and Show will guarantee a night full of laughing and enjoyment as you watch their live performances. Their live performances are surely an event you wouldn’t want to miss. It is a very interesting and amusing, absorbing and humorous, and also engaging and diverting. This spectacular event at Capone’s Dinner and Show is something that is particularly special and idiosyncratic among many speakeasies and cabarets because they provide you with musical and comedic spectacles that are always ready and present to perform for your pleasure and merriment. In this amazing production, you are able to appreciate extremely talented and facetious and hilarious actors and actresses who seem very well qualified for their tasks. These personalities are very lighthearted and they give the audience a wonderful time at the same time as they relish the wonderful menu and cooking skills of the chef at Capone’s. This, as I have said before, is a very individual and one-of-a-kind type of business due to the fact that they do not only provide god quality food and excellent embellishments but they also provide a charming cast of characters that never fail to put a smile on every customer’s face and never fail to fill the whole cabaret with loud laughs. It is not in every speakeasy or cabaret that you have a very interactive audience and it is also not in every speakeasy or cabaret that children are in the crowd of happy customers. That is another reason as to why Capone’s Dinner and Show is so remarkable and unequaled. Everyone can enjoy, even children, because it is not the type of cabaret that is indecent, indelicate or vulgar. Even little youngsters are going to be able to appreciate such a place because comical entertainment is the type that can appeal to everyone. Everyone leaves happy from Capone’s Dinner and Show and everyone is bound to have an astounding and breathtaking time.

Statistics in Business Essay Example for Free

Statistics in Business Essay The purpose of this essay is to examine the purpose of statistics in business. Our text, Lind (2011) defines statistics as â€Å"The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions† (p.5). Types and levels of statistics There are two major types of statistics, descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as â€Å"methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way† (p.6). An example of descriptive statistics would be a high school report showing that it had 300 graduates in 1990 and 450 graduates on 1991. The information that they provided described the amount of graduates that they had for each year. Inferential statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as â€Å"the methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample† (p.7). If the same high school sent out a report showing the graduate numbers for 1999- the present to estimate the number of graduates that they would have for this school year, those statistics would be inferential because they are used to estimate future outcomes. There are four levels of statistical data: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The nominal level deals with qualitative variables such as colors and blood types that can only be counted and classified. Ordinal data measurement is a variable rating system that ranks data according to predetermined categories that have only relative values such as poor, average, and good. Data can be ranked and ordered using this method. Interval data measurement adds to the ordered level by adding the characteristic of a consistently measured differential. A thermometer is an interval measurement tool. Differences in degrees of temperature are consistent between the level intervals. The last level of statistics is ratio-level data; this is used for quantitative data recording. It builds upon the interval measurement by adding that â€Å"point 0 is meaningful and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful† (p.13). An  example of ratio level data would be weight. A scale is calibrated at â€Å"0† and is measured in increments of one pound or kilogram to determine a person’s weigh or the difference of weigh between two individuals or products. The role of statistics in business Statistics are the lifeline of a business. A business relies on good statistical data to determine its financial standing, projecting future sales and projects, and to provide the management team with information to make sound business decisions. When we look at statistics in the business world we are primarily concerned with their bearing on profits, investments, hours worked, and wages. The decision making process is made easier by analyzing data to determine the best course of action instead of taking uneducated risks. An example of the importance of statistics in business would be forecasting. We recently hired additional personnel based on historical data on first quarter sales and average call handle time of our phone staff. We took the archived data that showed how many calls were taken in our call center, the number of personnel on the phones, and the average time of each call. We used this historical information from the last three years to determine how many people we will need on the phones at any given time during first quarter. This data allowed us to be proactive in staffing and fund allocation to meet the needs of our customers and phone staff. Conclusion Statistics play a vital role in the business world. We are a smarter and more intuitive society of decision makers because of statistics. A business is more stable when the guess work is taken out of the equation and replaced with data analysis that produces sound business decisions and planning. References Lind, D., Marchal, W., Wathen, S. (2011). Basic statistics for business and economics (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Difference between Efficient managers and Effective managers

Difference between Efficient managers and Effective managers Efficient and Effectiveness as stated by Peter Drucker Efficiency is doing things right; Effectiveness is doing the right thing. An organization survives based on the efficiency and effectiveness of a manager/management. Efficiency is the use of financial, human, physical and information resources such that output is maximised for any given set of resource inputs, or input is minimised for any given quantity and quality of output. An efficient manager might be doing the right job but not the job right. Doing the right job does not require much time or resource. A job can be done very quickly and efficiently within time. In this case, the managers main aim is to get the job done within the allocated time using the given resources. But doing a job effectively involves time and planning the right strategy. In this case the manager concentrates more on the outcome rather than just the input. Both efficiency and effectiveness are an integral part of a successful management. Management is almost entirely concerned with getting things done and determining how to get things accomplished. In each managers mind there is a debate over whether more concern should go into low-cost production or to disregard production costs and go after complete satisfaction of goals and objectives. These two paths are known as the decisions which separate Effectiveness and Efficiency. Effectiveness means that the job was done correctly and was accomplished but with no regard to whether the job was done inexpensively or on time. Whereas, efficiency means that the job was accomplished cheaply and on time yet may not be a very thorough and impressive accomplishment. To illustrate this idea with a simple example, let s take an organization that wants to create an ad for its service/product. Creating the ad within the budget and in time is efficient. But the main things to be considered are the current market trend and environment. It would take more than just time and money to create an ad that would call out to the customers. Creativeness and efficiency alone is not enough to create the perfect ad. A detailed analysis of what the customer wants and expressing it in a way that would appeal to the ethos of the customer is what is required to create the ad. Though this example is not a direct example to management, it is a simple way to highlight the difference between efficiency and effectiveness. In an organization, a leader is different from a manager. A good leader is not essentially a good manager though a good manager should have ideal leadership qualities. A manager is someone who maintains the balance of effectiveness and efficiency in the organization. It is essential that the difference between efficiency and effectiveness is made distinctively clear, as the two are nearly inseparable in business strategy, but they command two distinct points of view. This importance between the two is crucial when it comes to managing an organization. It is also necessary to understand that the two are mutually exclusive and that it is not possible for an organization to survive with just efficiency alone and not effectiveness. Organizational Behaviour Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. The organizations base rests on managements philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcome is performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Difference between Leaders and Managers: Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly towards an organisation s goals, and to the best of their capabilities. It is considered the foundation of the management function known as leading. As stated in module 10, Leadership in Contemporary Organizations . John Kotter feels that management is about coping with complexity. Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against the plans. Leadership is about coping with change. Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. According to Robert House of Wharton, Managers use the authority inherent in their designated formal rank to obtain compliance. Ideally, all managers should have leadership qualities in them although it is not necessary that all leaders should have managing skills. The fact that an individual can influence others does not tell whether he or she can also plan, organise, and control. Effectiveness and Efficiency in an Organization Effectiveness and efficiency are mutually exclusive things. For a manager, they are both fundamental preconditions. Being effective is to be able to properly analyze the evolving environment and choosing the right things and strategy to concentrate on for the enterprise. On the other hand, being efficient requires a carefully planned cultural and operational framework which helps the manager to achieve a particular degree of success, given the level of resources applied to a particular objective. In any business, an efficient manager is one who uses limited resources available viz., time, material and men to get the job done in a more professional manner. This includes securing productive and profitable results in a short span, using funds allotted for a business more legibly yet smartly, and appraising employee performance etc., In other words, an efficient manager would keep the business running even in dire circumstances. An effective manager, on the other hand, is slightly different from the efficient one. The effective manager focuses on productivity rather than increased/balanced profitability. Effective management has various layers in its setup such as motivation, teamwork, communication and objectives. An effective manager is someone who leads, coordinates and filters various activities of the sub-ordinates and decides an appropriate mechanism to work upon. An effective manager usually works without any constraints such as funds, manpower etc. The focus always implies on better management practices and in turn, better output. Effectiveness is a precondition for the success of any manager; however that depends more upon the uncontrollable variables dictated to the manager by the operational environment and his ability to come up with the right choices that would suit his resources built over time. It may be appreciated that a firms resources in terms of manpower and technology as well as capital would have been built up over time and they have a great degree of rigidity. Once you become effective, efficiency can be an easier thing to bring into operation. The two things are in fact complimentary. Efficiency in fact depends upon the lower level managerial abilities and culture while effectiveness is almost always a top management variable. Management Strategies In management, operating in efficient and in effective ways is a key to good performance and to successfully reaching the goals set for the business. While efficiency and effectiveness are similarly desirable characteristics of business behavior, either one is often seen as attainable only at the expense of the other. Looking at the interplay of the two characteristics can give a clear insight into the ideal behavior for a manager when faced with tasks which must be completed quickly, but also completed in such a way that the key goals are attained. Luther Gulick advocates seven elements which make up common management in any organization. He calls it the POSDCORB. Planning a strategy to accomplish the objectives set for an enterprise. Organizing a formal structure of authority, arranged and defined for specific jobs. Staffing / Recruiting and training personnel. Directing/ Decision making and embodying rules, instructions etc., Co-ordinating various parts of work. Reporting through records, research and inspection. Budgeting in form of fiscal planning, accounting and control. These make up the common administrative tasks managers perform in an organization. The effectiveness of each element makes up both an efficient and effective management system. The following make up management behavior. Management of human resources is a social phenomenon. An effective communication channel is always imperative in any kind of an organization. James Pfiffner calls it the heart of management . Chester Barnard remarks it as the foundation of co-operative group activity. For an effective communication, the information passed on must be clear, consistent, adequate, timely, uniform, flexible and acceptable. A manager must make sure that a proper communication channel is present in an organization. This includes avoiding semantic and ideological barriers, two-valued thinking (Halo effect), stereotyping and dogmatism among the employees. Decision-making is a vital part of an efficient management system. Robert Tannenbaum says decision-making involves a conscious choice or selection of one behavior alternative from a group of two or more behavior alternative. A behavior alternative may simply be known as a decision. Decision-making, in more ways or the other, is a singular function of the manager. It is thus very important in an organization. Herbert Simon came up with the fact that every decision has two basic premises a factual premise and a value premise. A fact is a statement of reality while a value is an expression of preference. A manager would go by decisions based on these only. An effective manager goes in for the factual premise because it can be measured empirically, while the value premise, which may determine efficient factors such as profit, loss, employee satisfaction, cost-cutting etc., would be more preferred by efficient managers. Rensis Likert calls motivation as the core of management . Motivation is a psychological process which energizes and activates an individual to achieve formulated objectives. A manager thus plays a vital role as a driving force behind motivation. On this part, both effective and efficient managers must be good motivators, so as to bring about the best in the employees. Classical and modern management thinkers have listed money and a variety of socio-psychological factors as a source of motivation. Motivation also helps to build teams and perform better. Teamwork is another essential part of management. A manager is the undisputed leader of a team. He delegates work to his sub-ordinates, assigns tasks, creates plans and makes decisions. An autocratic manager would do all the above functions by himself. It is not desirable in an effective organizational system. On the other hand, an efficient manager would tend to be a little autocratic in his functions, because of the limited resources available and some other constraints. It is however better for an organization to be more democratic for proper functioning. Being efficient does not necessarily mean effective. A person can be very efficient at what they are doing but still not get to where they want to be because they arent doing the right things. Thats where effective comes in. Effective means having the desired result. Once the desired overall result is defined, the tasks leading to the result can be isolated and these tasks can then be completed efficiently. If a business wants to grow, one way is to attract more customers. To attract more customers, potential customers must be informed of the advantages of doing business with the company. This requires the step of identifying potential customers and identifying why they would want to become customers. Since the business already has customers, the easiest way to identify new potential customers is to identify people like the existing customers; the reasons these new customers would buy from the business are the same reasons the existing customers do. The steps which will be effective in attracting new customers are now clear: 1. Identify groups of existing customers and find out why they are customers; 2. Identify similar groups outside the existing customer base; 3. Contact these potential customers and let them know the advantages of becoming customers, giving them the reasons existing customers gave. These steps will be effective and they can now be performed efficiently. On the other hand, sending out mass mailings to general mailing lists can also be performed very efficiently, but it wont be as effective and probably will not let the business reach its goals. Importance Managing effectively and efficiently is the way to go about in business. Efficient business tactics would help to know how to deal with finance and personnel in a more productive way. Most successful businesses in the world today are rather efficient than effective. Efficient management practices provide increased sustainability and stability in an organization. It involves novelty in management practices and output. An effective management system takes a long time to fully materialize. It has more to do with the long-term vision of an organization than its present objectives. Effective management also involves setting time benchmarks within the organization, so that a given objective gets completed within a set time. Traditional management practices are usually followed, and the manager sets up an instructional framework within which the sub-ordinates are expected to follow. An effective management system, summarily can be defined as, one which Raises productivity Increases work output from sub-ordinates Functions within a set of rules and regulations Works in a more democratic manner Builds teamwork and effective communication channels A good manager therefore is one who works both efficiently and effectively simultaneously. It is imperative that he does work in a more systematic manner and adapts himself depending on the organizational situation and environment. What an organization / business would need is an effective mechanism and an efficient output. The primary difference: Efficiency productivity metric and Effectiveness quality metric. The thorough understanding of the difference between Effective and Efficient is imperative in the understanding of the importance of that difference. The basic job of a manager is to make decisions, allocate resources, direct activities of other employee to attain goals etc. It is essential that a manager has good relationship with his colleagues and his employee. Communication skills are also very crucial to the role of a manager. This difference between effective and efficient managers is what defines the lines between Average, successful, effective and efficient managers. A person who has the talent to maintain the balance between efficiency and effectiveness is a successful manager. An average manager is someone who fails to maintain the perfect balance but still survives. An efficient manager is someone who does his job right and an effective manager is someone who does the right job and produces the result. According to Peter Drucker setting objectives, organizing the group, motivating and communicating, measuring performance, developing people are the five main essential functions of a manager. But the difference lies in whether the person chooses to do the right job or to do the job right. Drucker was a highly pragmatic man. The first question that must be asked of any requisition is whether it requires a focus on efficiency or effectiveness. These two metrics are often mutually exclusive: You can either get it fast or get it right, but you can rarely get both at the same time. Efficiency is a measure of speed and cost. Efficiency says Getting someone in here right away is more important than getting the right person later. Effectiveness is a measure of quality and goodness. Effectiveness says the opposite: Hiring the right person is more important than hiring someone right away. This subtle difference between doing the right thing and doing things right is what determines success. But just knowing the difference alone does not make one successful. The implementation of this distinctive managing strategy is key to being a successful manager. In any case an efficient manager can also be successful in that he completes the job allocated to him with or without attaining the desired results. Conclusion and Case Study A study at NAMB(National Association of Mortgage Brokers), McLean, Virginia, shows that the planning process at NAMB was sketchy, at best, and was essentially staff-driven. However, as a result of attending ASAEs CEO Symposium (a two-day event for the chief executive officer and chief elected officer to explore priorities for the year and determine how best to work together) the National Association of Mortgage Brokers incoming president (the chief elected officer) decided to transform the board into a true governance board to ensure the implementation of NAMBs strategic plan, which was subsequently adopted by the organization in October of that year. During a strategic planning retreat designed to address organizational planning in a more formal way, an external facilitator led a group of volunteer stakeholders in a two-day process that resulted in the preliminary draft of that plan. Participants included key board leadership and several volunteer leaders from NAMBs affiliated state s. At this stage, the work was volunteer-intensive and focused on major long-term strategic and visionary outcomes. The facilitator, who was familiar with the industry, limited the plan to four or five basic goals with broader objectives and strategies. As a result of this commitment to planning and governance, NAMBs national board meetings are now focused on key outcome areas of the strategic plan and have greatly delineated the boards role of being effective (achieving strategic outcomes) from the staffs more operational role of being efficient. However, this does not mean that the dedicated staffs of NAMB work solely on maintenance items (maintaining and sustaining growth). The planning process and the clearer delineation of responsibilities have created a stronger partnership in the organization, especially through the process that now separates growth from maintenance targets. This occurred during the development of committee action plans and individual performance targets. Being effective and efficient are not just words. They are identifiable actions that are integrated into a plan that ultimately elevates the performance of individuals and organizations concludes NAMB s chief executive officer. Another example to illustrate the difference between efficient and effective management: Consider an organization, a car accessories company, wants to introduce a new range of audio and video systems. As the company is already specialized in automobile accessories, it would not take much time to introduce a new improved product. Getting the work done would take considerable time but it is possible. An efficient management knows very well the general demand in the society and would get the work done efficiently. But an effective organization, though aware of the general demand of the society, would analyze the market and would put in the time and effort to get the work done to satisfy the needs and wants in the market. The difference here is, an efficient management would produce a product that is in demand at that particular time, which would bring sufficient profit to the organization but not the desired success, but may not be in much demand later on. On the other hand an effective organization, after analyzing and planning strategically, would produce a product which is not only in demand but in need which means the product would last in the market longer which is a success for the organization. Efficiency is about producing the end result in an economical, time saving and cost efficient way but Effectiveness is about producing something that would last, no matter what the cost. Efficiency alone will lead an organization to bankruptcy. Effectiveness (efficacy) alone may allow the organization to survive. However the organization will not reach its maximum potential if it is inefficient. Effectiveness and efficiency together will almost guarantee success. An effective organization is at least going in the right direction, even if it is not getting there very fast. An efficient organization is taking the fast track to wherever it is going, be that a good or bad direction. The organization that is efficacious and efficient will grow and take business away from companies that do only one or the other. Knowing and handling the difference between efficiency and effectiveness will eventually lead an organization to success.

Free Great Gatsby Essays: Point of View :: Great Gatsby Essays

Importance of Point of View in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚   In novels containing interweaving plot and varying scenes, the author's selection of point of view becomes a primary factor in its impact and effectiveness. The Great Gatsby is such a novel which demonstrates this point most evidently.   While Fitzgerald's decision to view the plot through the eyes of Nick Carraway presents certain limitations, it provides the means to relate the tone and message of the novel as whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   F. Scott Fitzgerald would be the first to admit that his masterpiece was not without flaws.   In a letter written to Edmund Wilson, he criticized what he understood to be the novel's "BIG FAULT."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I gave no account of (and had no feeling about or knowledge of) the emotional relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   between Gatsby and Daisy from the time of their reunion to the catastrophe. Undoubtedly, this constraint on detailed development was imposed almost solely by point of view.   Because Fitzgerald lays out the plot through the prospective of one essential character, intimacy between any other group of characters is lost or can only be hinted at.   Somewhat of a haze surrounds these important relationships, as Nick and in turn the reader are blind to the details of their occurrence.   In the case of Gatsby and Daisy, some of the power that backs Gatsby's dream is never presented.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Such a situation is somewhat relieved, however, by integration of dialog.   Not only does this aspect of of Fitzgerald's point of view thoroughly describe the other character of the novel, but also it keeps the credibility of the narrator in check.   Who is to say that Nick Carraway is to be the readers' only insight to the affluent world of Long Island during the 1920's?   He himself admitted to being far from perfect; even "vulnerable."   By providing the reader with a chance to judge the importance, purpose, and mission of each character, less time is spent analyzing the credibility of the narrator and more is devoted to understanding Fitzgerald's statement as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, this is a message that would be lost if it were not for the selected point of view.   Fitzgerald, through what Nick perceives and the changes he undergoes, comments specifically on the society of the time.

A Wind from a Foriegn Sky :: essays research papers

A Wind from a Foriegn Sky A Wind From a Foreign Sky is a very interesting novel. It is full of magic, knights, witches and all sorts of unknown evil. In the beginning of the novel, Gaultry, the heroine, is in the town on market day, she's attacked on her way home, but is saved by a knight, sent by her father. Martin, her rescuer, was sent by Gaultry's father to protect her and her sister, Mervion. Gaultry soon finds out that the Chancellor is set to kill Mervion on their holy night, they decide to rescue her. Their travels were plagued by many mishaps, some of which Gaultry's powers provoked. Gaultry begins to notice a strong feeling for Martin, who is also feeling the same for her. They have fallen in love with each other. After many days of travel, they reach the Prince's kingdom in the town of Princeport. Gaultry uses her Magic powers to save her beloved sister, and like any good story, everyone lives happily ever after.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think if I could meet anyone of the characters in the novel, I would like to meet Gaultry. Gaultry reminds me of myself in many ways. She is smart, but she does not always think until it is too late. She always gets herself into trouble by not thinking before acting. Like in the near beginning of the novel when she was attacked by a group of men, instead of using her cunning, she ran. She was almost raped and beaten because of her quick reaction to a situation that might have been avoided. Gaultry is really an everyday hero, she is not stronger, smarter, or braver than any other character in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I would like to live in the time and setting of this novel. It does not exactly state what time everything occurs, but from passages like the following, I was able to assume it was during a medieval time and place. The worn leather of the scabbard had gone clear as glass and the mighty sword that lay beneath the battered casing could be clearly seen. Six runes power winked out along its blade embossed into the metal like evil, shifting eyes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this passage does not clearly state what period, using text clues I figured it had to be medieval. The place where everything occurs is not anyplace that ever existed, but a place very similar to England or Ireland.

The Importance of Setting in The Yellow Wall-Paper by Charlotte Gilman

The Importance of Setting in The Yellow Wall-Paper by Charlotte Gilman In the short story "The Yellow Wall-Paper," by Charlotte Gilman, the setting contributes to the narrator's insanity.   When she first sees the house, she loves it.   She thinks the house will be a perfect place to recover from her "nervous condition," but that does not happen because her husband confines her to the bedroom so that her health will improve.   The narrator's mental illness deteriorates to the point of insanity due to her isolation in the bedroom, with only the yellow wallpaper to look at that she considers "repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow,strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight" (106).   At the beginning of the story, the narrator is moving into a house that she is renting while her house in being renovated.   She describes the house as "The most beautiful place!   It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village.   It makes me think of English places that you read about, for there are hedges and walls and gates that lock, and lots of separate little houses for the gardeners and people" (105).   This quote reflects that she considers this house as a place only the noble could live in.   She has only read about homes like this, and she never thought that she would be living in one.   She seems happy that she will be able to rent such a house.   She adds that "There is a delicious garden!   I never saw such a garden--large and shady, full of box-bordered paths, and lined with long grape-covered arbors with seats under them" (105).   This adds to the elegant and royal qualities that the narrator believes the house has. In the middle portion of the story, the narrator's description ... ... The narrator, already suffering from a "nervous condition," is forced to stay in her bedroom for most of the story.   Her husband does not let her do anything that may take the least bit of energy because she needs to concentrate her energy on getting well.   Her mental condition quickly deteriorates from the original   "nervous condition" to complete insanity due to this isolation.   As the narrator begins to see figures behind the wallpaper, the reader realizes that the wallpaper is a manifestation of her condition. Work Cited Gilman, Charlotte.   "The Yellow Wall-Paper."   Literature and the Writing Process.   Eds. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, and Robert Funk.   4th ed.  Upper Saddle River: Prentice, 1996.   105-115. Wagner-Martin, Linda. "The Yellow Wallpaper." Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Ed. Noelle Watson. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. 981- 982.

Halal Cosmetic

Name: Abdullah Al-Shuraim ID: 0804461 Group: S3G7 Instructor: Brian Thompson Contents * Executive Summary:3 * Overview of non-food Halal product:11 * Overview of Avon Cosmetics Company:13 * Avon Products:15 * Some of Avon Products:16 * Potential Product Summary20 * Process for Halal Certification21 * The procedure to make it a Halal Product is:22 * The procedure of Halal Certificate:23 Changes or Improvements for Launching Halal Product24 * Define three different market segment for Kuwait market place25 * Mission & Vision and How might be affected by new Halal Product:28 * Providing the same quality of service to existing customers30 * Major Promotional Activities & RMOI:32 * One Year Budget and ROI:36 * Competitors:39 * Communicating the changes in the Current Operations with Introduction of Halal Product:41 * Recommendation:42 * References:43 Executive Summary: 1. Avon Overview:Avon is a very successful and leading global company in the cosmetics industry. It was founded in 1886 by Mr. McConnell. When Mr. McConnell was selling books he used to make his own perfumes and he used to give them to his customers, then he realized that the customers likes his perfume and it was one of the reasons why they are buying his books, so he decided to make his own cosmetics company and now Avon is one of the best cosmetics company in the world. Avon Company was renamed after a river that runs through the English midlands.Avon CEO is Andrea Jung who committed to make Avon the most wanted company by women and also to satisfy the need of women globally. The main product are beauty products and fashion jewelry and also Avon has many brands that comes under the name of Avon such as Avon color, anew, Advance techniques, skin-so-soft, Avon naturals and Mark. Avon is the faster growing market on China and Russia which means they are doing a good and successful business. 2. Recommendation of Halal Product in Kuwait market Launching Halal product in Kuwait will be a very succ essful idea because of many reasons. . Kuwait is an Islamic Market b. Kuwaitis always seeks for Halal product and they are loyal to this type of products c. Kuwait is a trendy market which means word of mouth might make the company one of the biggest company I Kuwait market and by launching Halal product that will be a good reason to make people in Kuwait talk about your products and that will help us to sell more, increase product awareness and get the market attention 3. Who are the three market segments? A. Demographic: Age| 18 – 30| Gender| Females| Income| Above 500 K. D| Religion| Muslims| B. Psychographic:We will be focusing on the interest because women who are interested to attend social meeting and family gathering which are a very important part in our society will be more likely to buy make up because this type of women use it more than others. Also we will be focusing on the opinion because we don’t sell only cosmetics, we sell Halal cosmetics and that mig ht make a difference on people who thinks and believe that Halal product are better than other regular product and we will be focusing on this type of women because they care about the ingredients and how did we make our products.C. Behavioral: We will be focusing on the usage rate because women who use makeup and cosmetics more than other because they have more occasions so these will be focused on and also brand loyalty because there are some women when they like a certain brand of makeup they don’t tend to change it and they became loyal to this brand and this type of women who we are looking for.Also Occasions is one of the important parts of behavioral segment because there are women who don’t use make unless they have an occasion and this type we can satisfy them by offering them promotions for a whole set of cosmetics and they will have the opportunity to buy it and keep it till they use it. 4. What changes and improvement to current organization with launching new Halal product A. Kuwaitis have their own taste in some of the fragrances and perfumes and adding â€Å"Bokhor† smell to the fragrances and perfumes will a very good step in Kuwait Market. B.Also since our products are Halal product we might add some â€Å"Henna† which is a planet with a nice smell and Kuwaitis also put â€Å"Henna† on their hairs often and they believe that it helps the hair to be stronger, better smelling and shiny. C. We must create a website in Arabic so customers can read all of the ingredients and what are our products made of in Arabic so they can trust us and feel safe. D. We will use some Kuwaitis celebrities to represent our makeup and do some commercials for us. E. Customer Service is a very important thing that we have to look after and we will be collecting our customer’s Mobile number r emails so we can inform them if we have any promotions or discounts. F. Since we will be doing some commercials and advertisement for our new Halal product we must have an Arabic advertisement and also an English advertisement. G. We will be publishing flyers that shows how Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics to increase the target market awareness. H. To ensure that the team or the employees are working affectively we will set a commission for each clerk so we can encourage them to work better. 5. ROI and ROMI for new Halal product ROMI: Promotion Method| Promotion Budget|Events Promotions| 5,200 K. D| Media Promotions| 2,600 K. D| Internet Promotions | 750 K. D| Total| 8,550 K. D| Return On Marketing Investment| 17,100 K. D| As we can see the table shows each promotion method budget and also it shows the total budget for the Marketing plan in 8 months including the two pre launch months. It also shows you that the ROMI is 17,100 K. D because what are we planning for is in every 1 K. D we pay for promotions we want to get 2 K. D for example, When we budgeted 5,200 K. D in the Event promotions we want t o make sales of 10,400 K. D and we did that because after making sales of 10,400 K.D we have to pay all of our expenses and we will have the rest as a profit. The best way to make sure that you are making profit is to make sure that the ROMI is 50% or above. ROI: Sales| 133,000 K. D| | COGS| 80,000 K. D| | | | 53,000 K. D| Gross Profit| 53,000 K. D| | Expenses: * Sales Expenses: 13,700 * Operation Expenses: 6,000 * Financial Expenses 5,000| 24,700 K. D | | Net Profit| | 28,300 K. D| This table shows the sales we make for a period of 14 months, how much did we pay for the goods or product we sell and it shows what expenses did we have and how much each one of them cost us.Also as you can see it tells us how much profit we make over one year. We calculate that by taking how much sales we made minis how much did we pay for the product we sells and then we will get the Gross profit. Then we take the Gross Profit minis Total Expenses and we will get the Net Profit which means the money w e make over a period of time which is in our case 14 month. 6. Promotional Activities of New Halal product Main Promotional Activities: Event | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Exhibitions in Mall| | | | | | | | | 3,200 K. D|Trade Show| | | | | | | | | 2,000 K. D| Media | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Catalogs | | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Magazines| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Radio| | | | | | | | | 1,200 K. D| Flyers| | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Internet | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Social Network| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Blogs| | | | | | | | | 150 K. D| One year Promotional Activities: 7. Who and How you will communicate the changes in the company When any company introduce new product there will be many changes in the organization.The successful companies are the companies that focus on the new product and also they still focus on the old product and they know how to communicate the changes that happens to the current operation in the organization. For our company we will have 5 main steps to be able to communicate the changes. Who? 1. Employees 2. Management 3. Board of Directors 4. Clients or customers if necessary How? 1. We must communicate through many channels such as writing, intranet of the organization and training and explain more about the change 2. We have to give enough time for people to ask question and know more about the change 3.We have to clearly explain the Vision, Mission and the objectives of our company 4. Explain the reason of the change clearly and what that might benefit the company and the clients Overview of non-food Halal product: Halal has become a very famous word specially for food industry, Hala could extends non-food products such as personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other consumers goods. Halal is an Arabic word, meaning lawful, and is the Islamic dietary law that identifies food permitted for Muslims. Non-halal is also referred to in Arabic as Haram (meaning not permissible).Halal word comes from Al. Shareyah law or the religion law. Halal in general means that the food is clean, safe and good quality. In Islam everything is Halal except the harmful things and things that might harm. Also in Islam any food or drink comes in the middle area between halal and haram it’s called ‘Shobha’ and Muslims should avoid consuming Shobha foods and drinks until the label of the food or drink becomes clear. In Malaysia, the definition of halal food is provided by the Malaysian and they have standards of halal food such as storing, handling, ingredients and production.Why does halal products and food are so famous nowadays even in the non-Muslim countries? The answer is because Muslims are all over the world there are Muslims everywhere and they considered a large segment of target market and if we could produce a product that may attract all of the Muslims in o ne spot to my product that will be a very big success to any company and that what many companies tried to do and now it become a very successful business and Halal is recognized world-wide. Kuwait is an Islamic country and it follows the Quran and Shariyah law which means that non-halal products are not allowed in Kuwait.In order to import goods such as personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other consumer’s goods it should be halal according to the law in Kuwait and Shariyah law. Now cosmetics industry is getting bigger and they are making a very good business in all over the world. And also because people in all over the world have become a very specific about the cosmetics ingredients and caring more about what are they made of, we must come up with a very good solution that insure the customer a better cosmetics ingredients and could attract more consumers to the product and increase the market share and be more widely.Overview of Avon Cosmetics Company: Avon is a l eading global company was founded in1886. Avon caters to the cosmetics demand of women across all over the world. Avon Company follows a certain marketing policy in over than 130 countries through million of Avon representatives. Avon has a unique line of cosmetics product. Most of these products include fashion jewelry, apparel, and beauty product. The well recognized brands launched by Avon are Avon color, anew, Advance techniques, skin-so-soft, Avon naturals, and mark the company has its presence in over 135 countries.It is the faster growing market in china and Russia. Almost all the products are sold to the retail stores. The skin care product line comprises bath and skin lotions, anti-aging cream, perfumes, lipstick, only to name few. Avon is one of the best cosmetics company in the world with over $6 billion in annual revenue. When the company began it began as the California Perfume Company. The founder of Avon cosmetics Company is Mr. David McConnell. He discovers that peop le were buying his books because he was giving them a rose oil perfumes. In 1939, Avon was renamed after a river that runs through he English midlands. Avon produces makeup, bath and skin lotions, anti-aging cream, perfumes, jewelry, clothing, cosmetics and toys. Now Avon products are sold in over 135 countries all over the world.The main target for Avon is women, but even though now they are manufacturing product for children. Although Avon products are sold in shops and retails outlets, but many of them are also sold by being marketed as door to door through â€Å"Avon Ladies† or Avon Representatives. The company chairman and CEO is Andrea Jung, who was promoted to this position in 1999. Avon Strength and weaknesses: * Strength: * It gains a huge profit every year That tells us that Avon is a very successful company and there are many demands on its product * Avon is one of the best names in Cosmetics Industry. Avon is the fastest growing market in China and Russia and that tells us that Avon is one of the best names in Cosmetics Industry.* Avon company has a very successful history Avon was founded in 1886 and they’re still doing business which means they have a very great history and that what makes them still doing business. Avon Cosmetics are high quality cosmetics with a possible price Avon has a big responsibility towards the clients because Avon promised that they will provide the best cosmetics with a very high quality and that consider as a strength and also what makes it better that the price is not expensive. * Avon has a very good reputation in the market. Avon is a well-known company world-wide and it’s a very famous company as we mentioned before its revenue reaches $6billions annually. * Weaknesses: * Avon Fake Product Many companies are selling fake product and pretending that they represent Avon * Internal Operating problems:There was many compliant about Avon because of the Internal operating problems such as order were taken, but not filled, packaging wasn’t enough also the internet wasn’t used as a marketing and selling tool since Andrea Jung changes all the problems and fixed them, however there are few things must be fix ed. * Old Product: Even though Avon are developing new products every year, but there are still product that Avon produce and no one want to buy them and there are some studies that tells us that these old product are causing a loss in the profit because of the wasted money that are spent on the marketing, packaging and buying the supplies . Few Product Variety: As we can see most of the companies that comes to the industry after Avon such as Unilever, and Procter are offering a variety of product, while Avon has a focused product line and they are over focusing on it. Avon Products: Avon cosmetics are famous and they have achieved the bestseller in many countries over the world. Avon products are available in many countries and in many shops in more 130 countrie s all over the world. The ingredients that Avon uses in their product are high quality ingredients and also they have committed to provide Avon clients the best product in the market.Avon believes that all the women in the world deserve the best quality and the best cosmetics product and that what Avon is looking for. Since Avon is a women company as they name their self we believe that their product are meant to be for women and their product is exactly what women all over the world is looking for. Avon has many products and many products line, they have lips, eyes, nail and face cosmetics and also they have beauty tools and beauty gift sets. However, Avon has many brands of their product such as, Anew Beauty, Avon Color, Extra Lasting, Healthy Makeup, Ideal Shade, Jillian Dempsey, NailExpert, Perfect Wear and Smooth Minerals. What makes Avon a very special cosmetics company is that Avon has many healthy product and they are also care about the health so Avon is a part of Breast Ca ncer Crusade and also Avon is against the domestic violence. The people who sells Avon products or Avon representatives are trained very well to know all the ingredients of each product that Avon sells and they have a good products knowledge, so when a customer ask any question or need a recommendations Avon representatives will be more than happy to help him and guide him to the best cosmetics on the planet.Some of Avon Products: The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| ANEW Age-Transforming Compact Makeup| $15. 00| With 4D Wrinkles Reverse Technology. Skin looks younger, even after you take makeup off. Minimizes fine lines, wrinkles and age spots. Water-based for ultra-fresh feel. Natural radiant finish. Medium coverage. | WATER COCOS NUCIFERA (COCONUT) FRUIT JUICE OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF FRUIT EXTRACT BENZYL ALCOHOL NYLON-12 DIMETHICONOL GLUCOSAMINE HCL ALUMINUM DIMYRISTATE TITANIUM DIOXIDE/CI 77891 MICA/CI 77019 IRON OXIDES| | |The Product Name| Pri ce| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Concealer| $8. 00| Radiant color makes your entire look come alive. Healthy Makeup is infused with skin-loving nutrients. | WATER/EAU CYCLOPENTASILOXANE TRIOXAUNDECANEDIOIC ACID PHENYL TRIMETHICONE DIMETHICONE GLYCERIN SODIUM CHLORIDE SORBITAN SESQUIOLEATE ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE GLYCERYL BEHENATE PEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONE DISTEARDIMONIUM HECTORITE OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF EXTRACT PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) ROOT EXTRACT PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT JUICE | | |The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Lip Conditioner| $3. 0| Healthy makeup The essence of a beautiful look. A fresh face. Vibrant eyes. Rosy lips. It lets your natural radiance shine through and your true beauty come alive. To your skin’s health and radiant beauty Jillian Dempsey, Avon Global Creative Color Director & Hollywood Makeup Artist| Active IngredientOctinoxate 7. 5% Other Ingredient: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATE BA RIUM SULFATE SQUALANE POLYBUTENE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE POLYETHYLENE ZEA MAYS (CORN) STARCH CETYL ALCOHOL PETROLATUM PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT JUICE GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OILOLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF EXTRACT ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF EXTRACT RETINOL COLLAGEN | | | The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Lipstick| $9. 00| Healthy makeup†¦the essence of a beautiful look. A fresh face. Vibrant eyes. Rosy lips. It lets your natural radiance shine through†¦and your true beauty come alive. | Active Ingredient: OCTINOXATE 7. 5% Other Ingredients: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATE SQUALANE POLYBUTENE BARIUM SULFATE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE POLYETHYLENE ZEA MAYS (CORN) STARCH CETYL ALCOHOLPETROLATUM | | | The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| AVON PRO Color and Gloss Lip Duo| $10. 00| Luscious shine wrapped in rich color. Lipstick on the outside, lip gloss on the inside. Wear each alone or both together†¦3 looks in one! Multi-dimensional color and shine. Lips look and feel moisturized. Lipstick, . 07 oz. net wt. Lip Gloss| LIPSTICK: RICINUS COMMUNIS (CASTOR) SEED OIL POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIISOSTEARATE SQUALANE GLYCERYL TRIACETYL HYDROXYSTEARATE MYRISTYL LACTATE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE LIPGLOSS: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATETRIISOSTEARYL TRILINOLEATE TRIISOSTEAROYL POLYGLYCERYL-3 DIMER DILINOLEATE POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIISOSTEARATE/IPDI COPOLYMER SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE VP/HEXADECENE COPOLYMER BIS-STEARYL CAPRYLYL GLYCOL | | | Potential Product Summary After studying the market in Kuwait and studied the product of Avon we decided that the products we want to bring to Kuwait are lipsticks and lip treatment products. This type of product has a very big demand in the world especially in the Middle East. A study in 1937 survey revealed that over 50% of teenage girls fought with their pa rents over lipstick.This means that lipsticks have been a very good product for the companies to sell since lipsticks has a strong demand in all over the world. Even in Kuwait, after we studied the market in Kuwait we found that most of the women and girls buy lipstick and they prefer to buy lipstick more than buying any other cosmetics. During the Islamic Golden Age the notable Arab Andalusian cosmetologist Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi invented solid lipsticks, which were perfumed sticks rolled and pressed in special molds, and he described them in his Al-Tasrif. That shows us the importance of the rouge and lipsticks in the Arabian Culture.Also after studying the market in Kuwait and the demand of the lipsticks we found that the ages who uses lipstick are from 13-35 years old which means a bigger target market for us and this is a very good number and if we succeeded in getting 20% of the market interesting in our product we will be making a very good sales and making a good number of revenue. Also one of the reasons why did we choose lipsticks is that lipsticks are used everyday not like other cosmetics and make up which are used in a special occasion and that increases the demand of lipsticks in the country pecially in Kuwait because most of the girls and women here they don’t get out of the house unless they have some make up on which shows you the importance of the makeup and cosmetics in Kuwait Market. The last reason why we choose lipsticks and lips treatment product is that Avon Company has many types of lipsticks and many varieties of lipsticks. That’s an advantage for us because we will bring many types of lipsticks so we can satisfy all the needs and wants of the customers who wants lipsticks and we can offer them more than one type.Also we will be bringing eyes products such as eye liner, mascara and eye shadow. These products also have a strong demand in Kuwait market and the eye product is as much important as the lips products. Thatâ⠂¬â„¢s not all, we will also bring some make up special product such as foundation which is so important in Kuwait market since the women use it a lot for wedding and other occasions and also blush because it’s also used in the same occasions and even more. In Kuwait Kuwaitis care about perfumes and fragrances so much and I believe that bringing this product to Kuwait market will be the best choice as a beginning.After we launch these products we will be launching more products such as bath and body product, skin care products and hair care products. Process for Halal Certification Even though there is a long hard procedure to follow in terms to certificate your product as a halal product, but it worth it. First of all since we are going to sell our product in Kuwait and Kuwait is an Islamic country we have to sell a halal product and we can’t sell anything that hasâ€Å"haram† ingredients. Also to have a halal product, this will improve the brand image in the m arket and internationally.Also Halal certificate will help us exploring the cross border trade opportunities and it could obtain us the advantage to be better than our competitors and have a competitor advantage. Halal certificate also will help us attracting more customers not only in Kuwait, but internationally also and Halal insignia is a trustworthy and autonomous and dependable. The procedure to make it a Halal Product is: First of all no food served inside the factory to make sure that the factory is always clean.Second, only Halal Ingredient should be in the product and there are no â€Å"Haram† ingredients in it. To make the product Halal it should be: * Free from Alcohol or wine for food. * If it’s not food the alcohol content in the finished product must be less than 0. 5%, but it is better to keep it less than 0. 01%. * Free from filth * Free from animal part, except what has been approved as â€Å"Halal†. * Free from animal fat such as, enzyme, emuls ifier and other fats except what is â€Å"Halal†. * Free from pork or dogThis table shows the Halal and Haram ingredients and also it shows â€Å"Mashbooh† ingredients which mean it is not clear yet if it’s Halal or Haram, but it would be better if we did not use it. Ingredient| Status| Ingredient| Status| Alcohol| Haram| Hydrolysed Animal Protein| Mashbooh| Ammonium Chloride | Halal| Lard| Haram| Animal Fat | Haram| Leavenings| Halal| Animal Shortening | Haram| Lecithin (commercial) | Halal| Ascorbic Acid | Halal| Malt| Halal| Bacon (Pork) | Haram| Molasses| Halal| BHT| Halal| Monoglycerides| Mashbooh|Cholesterol| Mashbooh| Oxalic Acid | Halal| Collagen (Pork)| Haram| Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | Halal| Dextrin / Dextrose | Halal| Pepsin| Mashbooh| Dicalcium Phosphate | Halal| Phospholipid| Mashbooh| Diglyceride| Mashbooh| Phosphoric Acid | Halal| Diglyceride (Plant) | Halal| Pork| Haram| Enzyme| Mashbooh| Potassium Bromade| Halal| Ergocalciferol| Hal al| Potassium Citrate | Mashbooh| Ethoxylated Mono/ Di Glyceride | Mashbooh| Propionic Acid | Halal| Fatty Acid | Mashbooh| Renin / Rennet | Mashbooh| Fungal Protease Enzyme | Halal| Shortening| Mashbooh|Gelatin / Kosher Gelatin | Haram| Soya Protein | Halal| The above is a list of some of the known ingredients only. Source : Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America| The procedure of Halal Certificate: First we have to fill the application forms and supporting documents includes a detailed of the company’s profile and the local authority’s license, also we have to inform them with all the ingredients that in the product, the address of the manufacture and the name or the suppliers of the ingredients name and address.Also the original status of ingredients, packaging materials, manufactures process and procedures. Second, we have to pay full payment of the certification fees before the inspection and we have to succeed in the physical site inspection includes inspe ction of storage, ingredients, production, general hygiene and quality control. Third, a report will be sent to the evaluation committee and recommendation and then the report will be tabled and evaluated by a committee for issuing Halal Certificate.Then they will give us a validity period of the certificate is only for two years. Then it will be carried out the Halal conformity through inspection, constant monitoring by surprise visit or calling the companies involved. Changes or Improvements for Launching Halal Product Because Kuwait market is an Islamic Market and they follow the rules of â€Å"Alshariyah† that means they usually eat, drink, wear and buy Halal products and the demand on Halal product is huge.Also on the other hand the demand in Kuwait market for the cosmetics is also huge and strong as in Kuwait cosmetics is used every day and its one of the important priority for women and teenagers in Kuwait. If we could take a product with a high demand on it such as co smetics and turn it to Halal cosmetics and also introduce it in an Islamic market such as Kuwait market, you will be doing an excellent business. If we see the demand and supply we will find that the demand of Kuwait market is cosmetics product and they are also demanding Halal product, but unfortunately they didn’t have the opportunity to find Halal cosmetics.Now we will be supplying their demand by offering them Halal cosmetics and if we just monitor the marketing mix well we will be doing a very good business in this market. Every business has its own special marketing plan and strategy to attract the customer and to grab their attention. Every company has its own way how to make the product and all of the marketing mix works with each other in terms to be successful company and to make more sales and profit.There is one important thing that not many of us might be aware of it, which is there might be some changes required to be successful in that market and as we know not all the markets are the same and any strategy that works in a certain place or market might not work in another place. For example when Cheetos Company for cheese curl wanted to expand in China they did not study the market well and after introducing the product in china they was shocked with the big failure they have faced. The reason why Cheetos Company failed in this market is because they didn’t do some changes.In China cheese curl is not famous and even though when they tried it they didn’t like it. After Cheetos company realized the problem they have done a research to find what are the best flavor for China market and they find that Strawberry, blueberry and BBQ flavored are the best to suit this market and when they changed the flavor they succeeded in this market. For our business we also will make some changes since we studied the market well and we think these changes will attract more customers to our business and make it a successful business. 1.Kuwaitis have their own taste in some of the fragrances and perfumes and adding â€Å"Bokhor† smell to the fragrances and perfumes will a very good step in Kuwait Market. 2. Also since our products are Halal product we might add some â€Å"Henna† which is a planet with a nice smell and Kuwaitis also put â€Å"Henna† on their hairs often and they believe that it helps the hair to be stronger, better smelling and shiny. 3. We must create a website in Arabic so customers can read all of the ingredients and what are our products made of in Arabic so they can trust us and feel safe. 4.We will use some Kuwaitis celebrities to represent our makeup and do some commercials for us. 5. Customer Service is a very important thing that we have to look after and we will be collecting our customer’s Mobile number or emails so we can inform them if we have any promotions or discounts. 6. Since we will be doing some commercials and advertisement for our new Halal product we must ha ve an Arabic advertisement and also an English advertisement. 7. We will be publishing flyers that shows how Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics to increase the target market awareness. 8.To ensure that the team or the employees are working affectively we will set a commission for each clerk so we can encourage them to work better. Define three different market segment for Kuwait market place Before we complete our study we should divide the customers into different categories, so we can know what are the expected demands are and so we can meet need or want of these customers. Since satisfying all the customers is almost impossible, so we have to divide the customers into different groups and after dividing them we have to select a part and try to meet the need and want of this part.Now how can we divide the market or split it? We can group the customers based on 3 main groups 1. Geographic 2. Demographic 3. Psychographic 4. Behavioral Now I will discuss three of the s egments and I will rank them based on their viability and likely contribution to the business. 1. Demographic: Age| 18 – 30| Gender| Females| Income| Above 500 K. D| Religion| Muslims| We choose the age of 18-30 because from 18- 25 are likely to buy most of our products and because most of them are in Colleges and universities they will use it more.And from 25-30 are likely to go for weddings and in Kuwait they must have makeup on them when they are going to wedding and that why we will be focusing on this age group. Cosmetics are used by females and also Avon Company is a women company so we will be focusing on women and tries to satisfy their needs and wants. The income should be above 500 K. D because women who have an income which is below 500 K. D will not be able to buy from Avon because they will have a more important priority to do with their salaries and they will prefer to buy from other shops that cheaper than Avon. 2. Psychographic:We will be focusing on the inter est because women who are interested to attend social meeting and family gathering which are a very important part in our society will be more likely to buy make up because this type of women use it more than others. Also we will be focusing on the opinion because we don’t sell only cosmetics, we sell Halal cosmetics and that might make a difference on people who thinks and believe that Halal product are better than other regular product and we will be focusing on this type of women because they care about the ingredients and how did we make our products. . Behavioral: We will be focusing on the usage rate because women who use makeup and cosmetics more than other because they have more occasions so these will be focused on and also brand loyalty because there are some women when they like a certain brand of makeup they don’t tend to change it and they became loyal to this brand and this type of women who we are looking for.Also Occasions is one of the important parts of behavioral segment because there are women who don’t use make unless they have an occasion and this type we can satisfy them by offering them promotions for a whole set of cosmetics and they will have the opportunity to buy it and keep it till they use it. Which segments are likely to purchase our product?Now if we want to see which segment is more likely to buy my product and ranking them from one to three, Number one will be Demographic segment because they are likely to buy my products since the religion is included and Halal product means that this product is the best product for Muslims and also because they are women and the age of 18-30 is the best age to buy from us.Second, Psychographic women who are interested in family gathering and social meeting and gathering are likely to buy our product more than the others because they use the makeup more than others and those whom we want to attract and they will be likely to buy our product because we can offer them speci al discount and promotions if they visited us more and more.The last one is Behavioral because women who uses the cosmetics based on usage rate and brand loyalty won’t buy our product so much because cosmetics products isn’t used for one day, it’s used for a period of time and we want women who use more so they will buy more and this is the reason why behavioral segment comes in the last place. After segmenting the market, now we can say that our best customer is a Muslim women between 18-26 years old who is interested in social activities and meeting and also interested in family gathering with an income above 500 K.D and she thinks that Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics because they don’t have Haram ingredients and it is been produced and manufacture in a better way. Mission & Vision and How might be affected by new Halal Product: Avon Vision: To be the company that best understands and satisfies the product, service and self-fulfill ment needs of women—globally. Avon’s Mission: The Global Beauty Leader Avon Company will build a unique portfolio of beauty and related brands, striving to surpass their competitors in quality, innovation, and value, and elevating our image to become the world’s most trusted beauty company.The Women’s Choice for Buying Avon Company will become the shopping destination for women, providing a personal, high-touch experience that helps create lifelong customer relationships. The Premier Direct Seller Avon Company will expand their presence in direct selling, empowering women to achieve economic independence by offering them a superior earnings opportunity as well as recognition, service and support, making it easy and rewarding to be affiliated with Avon. The Best Place to WorkAvon Company will be known for their leadership edge, including their passion for high standards, their respect for diversity, and their commitment to create exceptional opportunities for professional growth so that associates can fulfill their highest potential. The Largest Women’s Foundation Avon Company will be a committed global champion for the health and well-being of women through philanthropic efforts, with a special focus on breast cancer, domestic violence and women’s empowerment. The Most Admired CompanyAvon Company will deliver superior returns to our shareholders by tirelessly pursuing new growth opportunities while maintaining our commitment to be a socially responsible, ethical company that is watched and emulated as a model of success. When Avon Company introduced the Halal cosmetics many things were changed in the Vision and the Mission of the company. This step has given the company an opportunity to prove that Avon Company is a real Women Company and they care about women. By introducing Halal product they have attract more customers to their brand name.Every company has its own Vision and Mission and now we will see what did the Halal cosmetics change in the Vision and the Mission? Halal cosmetics have changed the company to be a better company that cares about all the religions and try to have the best ingredients and satisfy the women needs globally. By providing Halal cosmetics Avon proved what they have promised when they said they wanted â€Å"To be the Company that best understands and satisfies the product, service and self-fulfillment needs of women— globally. Halal products have worked in make the Avon Company image better and trustworthy and also it helps the company with their mission such as being the most admired company and also by introducing Halal product to the company they’re achieving their mission to be the largest women’s foundation and the women choice of buying and to be the global beauty leader. Providing the same quality of service to existing customers Customer service is a very important part that we have to focus on because customer service is in every purch ase the customer does.We all have stories with bad customer service and good customer service and we used to share it with others. We know that word of mouth could be the reason why customers always come back for your store or company or it could be a reason of loosing many customers by treating them poorly. Warren Buffett said: â€Å"It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. To be honest with the customers is the best way to ensure a good customer service.Being honest with the customers and communicating with the customers when there is any mistake that happens ensures you that the mistake will never happen again and this is an advantage of being honest. There are few steps if we follow them we will continue to provide continued quality of service. 1. Response quickly When something goes wrong we have to quickly call the customer and explain him what happened and explain him our company’s mistake.If We have to communicate with a large number of cu stomers, then we have to send them an email explaining them what’s the company’s mistake and we will send them an email because it’s faster if we are communicating with a large number of customers. 2. Set a Realistic Expectation If we promised the customers something that didn’t delivered as we promised, the customers will feel disappointed and we will lose their trust in our words and promises, so we must do what we have committed to do even if it takes some arm wrestling with other departments who want to launch a product to the market before its been ready. . Respect The customers are so important to any company, without them we will not have any company, so all of our staff should love the customers even though there are some customers who will push the limits, but with the philosophy of respecting our customer and appreciating him we will get the customers satisfaction and we will be providing good customer service. From Gandhi, â€Å"We must become the change we want to see in the world. † How could we know if the customers are satisfied with our customer service or no? We have many ways to see if the customers are satisfied or no.First, after purchasing we can ask them to do a survey for us and also by doing an annual survey is a good way to ask. Also a follow up calls from the call center department will be a good idea. Measuring our services is an important thing to do because it gives us the opportunity to improve our company performance or even to save our company of losing. We will do some steps to know if customers are satisfied or no. How can we keep the customer satisfied? We can keep the customer happy and satisfied by following also several rules.If we follow these rules we will be able to satisfy the customers and ensure that they are happy with our services. 1. Service level: For the call center the first call is just like the first impression for the customer. The customers will know if the service is good or bad from the first call. Also for the shipment and delivery we must give a very good impression for the customer from the first day. 2. Response time: The response time is a very important tool we should use to ensure that our customers are satisfied and what we mean by response time is that when any customer has a question we should answer him as soon as possible.This will help us to keep the customers satisfied. 3. Give the customer his time: Some of the companies tell their agents to keep the calls short, but this is not helping the company because this might send a wrong message to the customer, so we will be giving the customer plenty of time to feel free to ask about anything he want and also our agent will give the customers a full detailed answers. After doing all these steps we will be sure that we are provide the same quality of service to existing customers with the introduction of the new Halal product.Major Promotional Activities & RMOI: This table shows our pro motion major activities and also it shows which promotion we will use in each month before launching the product and after launching the product. We have choose three main promotions activities section and under each of them we have choose a certain promotions ways that we thinks it best deliver our message to our target market. | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Events & Exhibitions| | | | | | | | | Media| | | | | | | | | Internet| | | | | | | | |We will be launching the product in December 2012. In October and November these two months are pre launch months and we will be doing some exhibitions and advertisement on these two months to create product awareness before launching it. When we launch the product we want to reach the highest number of target market so we will be using the three major promotions to reach our target market on December. Event | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Exhibitions in Mall| | | | | | | | | 3,200 K. D|Trade Show| | | | | | | | | 2,000 K. D| For the Event we will be using this promotion in October before launching the product, December when we launch the product, January, March and May. We will be using two types of Events promotions. The first one is Exhibition in malls such as Avenues, Marina Mall and Al Fanar Mall. The second one is the Trade show where there are some exhibitions for cosmetics brand where many cosmetics brand rent a booth and promote their product. This table will show you what Event promotions we will use and when. Media October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Catalogs | | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Magazines| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Radio| | | | | | | | | 1,200 K. D| Flyers| | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| For the Media Promotions we will be using 4 types of media. The first thing we will be printing some Catalogs of our product and a brief description of our company and what are the Halal Products. The se cond thing we will be doing some advertisement in some Magazine that targeted the women such as Laki Magazine, Al-Mara’a Magazine and Sayedati Magazine.Also Radio is a good way to advertise for such a product, we will be doing some commercial advertisements in Marina FM because there is a study that said 78% of the channel listeners are females and that was said during one of the programs in Marina FM. Also flyers will be printed and we will be publishing them in some salons and Malls. Internet | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Social Network| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Blogs| | | | | | | | | 150 K. D| For the Internet Promotions we will be using two methods.First we will be using Social Networks such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and YouTube. We choose this method because nowadays many people are being a part in the social networks websites and in Kuwait it has been a very attractive way to reach your target market. Also some of the so cial networks could offer you to advertise just for your target market. For example, if your target market is female age from 18 to 30 and their interests are Cosmetics, The social network can advertise your promotion just for the target you choose.The second method we will be using is Blogs since now many people are interested in blogs and they can share their opinion and get new ideas. This method might be used to educate our target market about Halal Product and also we might use it to tell more about our products and company. This is table shows our promotional budget for 8 month before and after launching the product and also we have mention the expected ROMI for these 8 months. Promotion Method| Promotion Budget| Events Promotions| 5,200 K. D| Media Promotions| 2,600 K. D| Internet Promotions | 750 K. D| Total| 8,550 K. D|Return On Marketing Investment| 17,100 K. D| As we can see the last table shows each promotion method budget and also it shows the total budget for the Marke ting plan in 8 months including the two pre launch months. It also shows you that the ROMI is 17,100 K. D because what are we planning for is in every 1 K. D we pay for promotions we want to get 2 K. D for example, When we budgeted 5,200 K. D in the Event promotions we want to make sales of 10,400 K. D and we did that because after making sales of 10,400 K. D we have to pay all of our expenses and we will have the rest as a profit.The best way to make sure that you are making profit is to make sure that the ROMI is 50% or above. One Year Budget and ROI: This table shows which promotions we are going to use for a period of 14 months include the two months of the pre launch period. This table shows in details which promotion we are going to use and when also it shows how much each promotion cost. Promotion Method| Promotion Budget For one year + Pre launch 2 months | Events Promotions| 7,000 K. D| Media Promotions| 3,800 K. D| Internet Promotions | 1,400 K. D| Educational Promotions| 1,500 K. D| Total| 13,700 K.D| Return On Marketing Investment| 27,400 K. D| This table shows the promotional budget for a period of 14 months including the 2 months before launching the product. As we mentioned before in the report we always assume that our return on investment will be the double because we usually set a plan to get 2 K. D for every 1 K. D we invest in promotions and marketing. Sales| 133,000 K. D| | COGS| 80,000 K. D| | | | 53,000 K. D| Gross Profit| 53,000 K. D| | Expenses: * Sales Expenses: 13,700 * Operation Expenses: 6,000 * Financial Expenses 5,000| 24,700 K.D | | Net Profit| | 28,300 K. D| This table shows the sales we make for a period of 14 months, how much did we pay for the goods or product we sell and it shows what expenses did we have and how much each one of them cost us. Also as you can see it tells us how much profit we make over one year. We calculate that by taking how much sales we made minis how much did we pay for the product we sells and then w e will get the Gross profit. Then we take the Gross Profit minis Total Expenses and we will get the Net Profit which means the money we make over a period of time which is in our case 14 month.Competitors: MAC: MAC Company is one of the best names in the cosmetics industry. MAC Company was founded in 1984 in Toronto, Canada by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo. The MAC is a short cut of Make-up Art Cosmetics, but its known world-wide as MAC. Frank Angelo was a beauty salon owner and he come up with a makeup line that would be well with photography. The two owners use to cook the cosmetics in their own kitchen and most of their clients were artist, models, photographer. Strength: * Strong Brand Name * Brand Loyalty * Many Branches in KuwaitWeaknesses: * Uncomfortable products * Potential skin irritants products * No anti-blemish products * Poor customer service * Not many Advertisement L’Oreal: L’Oreal is the world largest cosmetics and Beauty Company. It was founded in 190 9 by the French chemist Eugene Schuller in France. L’Oreal has a variety of products such as hair color, skin care, sun protection, makeup, perfumes and hair care. L’Oreal reached the top 100 Brand in the industry which means it is one of the leading cosmetics company in the cosmetics industry. Strength: Many distribution channels sells their products in Kuwait, but they don't have a store here * Many Advertisement * Many varieties of products line * Many products for men * Their product almost in every super market in Kuwait Weaknesses: * No experts in Makeup and no makeup artist * No store for L'Oreal they only supply other stores with their products * They are focusing on hair product and less focusing in cosmetics Threats: There are few threats that our company is facing from MAC and L'Oreal. 1. They have a good customer base Customers prefer to try something have been in the market for long time then trying new thing specially for cosmetics products so it might be hard for us to attract and get customers interested in our product 2. They might do promotions or discounts on the time we launch our product * They may fail our product launching because they might do discounts or huge promotions on the same time we launch our product in and that could distract the customers for noticing our products 3. They might introduce Halal Product Our competitive advantage is that we have Halal products, if they produce Halal products and launch it in Kuwait most of the customers will buy from them since they are well-known and have a big customer's base. Communicating the changes in the Current Operations with Introduction of Halal Product: When any company introduce new product there will be many changes in the organization. The successful companies are the companies that focus on the new product and also they still focus on the old product and they know how to communicate the changes that happens to the current operation in the organization.For our compa ny we will have 5 main steps to be able to communicate the changes. Who? 5. Employees 6. Management 7. Board of Directors 8. Clients or customers if necessary How? 5. We must communicate through many channels such as writing, intranet of the organization and training and explain more about the change 6. We have to give enough time for people to ask question and know more about the change 7. We have to clearly explain the Vision, Mission and the objectives of our company 8.Explain the reason of the change clearly and what that might benefit the company and the clients If we follow these 4 steps, we will be able to make a very good communication and all the people who works in the company will know why we are changing and how we will change and when also, so they will be on track with any step the company does and they will help to make the introduction of Halal product more successful. Recommendation: Avon Company is a very successful company in the cosmetics industry and it has a ve ry long history in the industry.Avon products are in more than 130 countries and that show us how big and successful the company is. I believe that Avon Company will make a huge success in Kuwait and even in the Middle East because Avon has the perfect products that satisfy the needs of Kuwait market the Middle East market. The Vision of Avon is to be the company that satisfies the needs of the women internationally and globally and by introducing Halal product they are proving to the people that Avon is the Number 1 Company that understands the women need and try to provide the products that satisfy that need.The introduction of Halal Product will make a big change in the marker. Kuwait market is small and Kuwait community is also small and a word of mouth in Kuwait is doing a great job for the companies and organizations. By introducing Halal Product we will get the Kuwait market attention and many people will be talking about it and we will have very good product awareness by wor d of mouth and we will make a big success in this market since it’s an Islamic market and they are trendy people who like to try new things. References: http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Halal http://www. npros. com/dir/avon/ http://www. avoncompany. com/aboutavon/index. html http://licence2halal. com/our-services/ http://www. malaysiahalalfoods. com/ingredients. html http://www. halaljournal. com/article/194/jakim-halal-certification-details http://www. scribd. com/doc/26155318/New-Product-Development-Strategy http://managementhelp. org/fp_progs/mkt_mod/market. htm http://managementhelp. org/fp_progs/mkt_mod/mrk_nlyz. htm http://www. netmba. com/marketing/market/segmentation/ http://samehar. wordpress. com/2006/05/29/a223/